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Cytotoxicity of Gallium–Indium Liquid Metal in an Aqueous Environment
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02320 Ji-Hye Kim 1 , Sungjun Kim 2 , Ju-Hee So 3 , Kyobum Kim 2 , Hyung-Jun Koo 1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02320 Ji-Hye Kim 1 , Sungjun Kim 2 , Ju-Hee So 3 , Kyobum Kim 2 , Hyung-Jun Koo 1
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Eutectic gallium–indium alloy (EGaIn) liquid metal is highly conductive, moldable, and extremely deformable and has attracted significant attention for many applications, ranging from stretchable electronics to drug delivery. Even though EGaIn liquid metal is generally known to have low toxicity, the toxicity of the metal, rather than a salt form of Ga or In, has not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, we investigate the time-dependent concentration of the ions released from EGaIn liquid metal in an aqueous environment and their cytotoxicity to human cells. It is observed that only the Ga ion is dominantly released from EGaIn when no external agitation is applied, whereas the concentration of the In ion drastically increases with sonication. The cytotoxicity study reveals that all human cells tested are viable in the growth media with naturally released EGaIn ions, but the cytotoxicity becomes significant with sonication-induced EGaIn releasates. On the basis of the comparative study with other representative toxic elements, that is, Hg and Cd, it could be concluded that EGaIn is reasonably safe to use in an aqueous environment; however, it should be cautiously handled when any mechanical agitation is applied.
中文翻译：
镓铟液态金属在水环境中的细胞毒性
共晶镓铟合金（EGaIn）液态金属具有很高的导电性，可模制性和极高的变形性，在从可拉伸电子产品到药物输送等许多应用中都引起了广泛的关注。尽管通常已知EGaIn液态金属具有低毒性，但尚未系统地研究金属的毒性而不是Ga或In的盐形式。在本文中，我们研究了在水性环境中从EGaIn液态金属释放的离子的时间依赖性浓度及其对人体细胞的细胞毒性。观察到，当不进行外部搅拌时，只有Ga离子主要从EGaIn释放，而In离子的浓度随着超声处理而急剧增加。细胞毒性研究表明，所有测试的人类细胞都可以在具有自然释放的EGaIn离子的生长培养基中存活，但是在超声诱导的EGaIn释放物中细胞毒性变得显着。根据与其他代表性有毒元素（即Hg和Cd）的比较研究，可以得出结论，EGaIn在水性环境中使用是相当安全的。但是，在进行任何机械搅拌时，应谨慎处理。
更新日期：2018-05-01
中文翻译：
镓铟液态金属在水环境中的细胞毒性
共晶镓铟合金（EGaIn）液态金属具有很高的导电性，可模制性和极高的变形性，在从可拉伸电子产品到药物输送等许多应用中都引起了广泛的关注。尽管通常已知EGaIn液态金属具有低毒性，但尚未系统地研究金属的毒性而不是Ga或In的盐形式。在本文中，我们研究了在水性环境中从EGaIn液态金属释放的离子的时间依赖性浓度及其对人体细胞的细胞毒性。观察到，当不进行外部搅拌时，只有Ga离子主要从EGaIn释放，而In离子的浓度随着超声处理而急剧增加。细胞毒性研究表明，所有测试的人类细胞都可以在具有自然释放的EGaIn离子的生长培养基中存活，但是在超声诱导的EGaIn释放物中细胞毒性变得显着。根据与其他代表性有毒元素（即Hg和Cd）的比较研究，可以得出结论，EGaIn在水性环境中使用是相当安全的。但是，在进行任何机械搅拌时，应谨慎处理。
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