Multiple processes affect the fate of the radioactive isotope ¹²⁹I in the environment. Primary categories of these processes include electron transfer reactions mediated by minerals and microbes, adsorption to sediments, interactions with organic matter, co-precipitation, and volatilization. A description of dominant biogeochemical processes is provided to describe the interrelationship of these processes and the associated iodine chemical species. The majority of the subsurface iodine fate and transport studies in the United States have been conducted at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites where radioisotopes of iodine are present in the environment and stored waste. The DOE Hanford Site and Savannah River Site (SRS) are used to illustrate how the iodine species and dominant processes at a site are controlled by the prevailing site biogeochemical conditions. These sites differ in terms of climate (arid vs. sub-tropical), major geochemical parameters (e.g., pH ~7.5 vs. 4), and mineralogy (carbonate vs. Fe/Al oxide dominated). The iodine speciation and dominant processes at a site also have implications for selection and implementation of suitable remedy approaches for ¹²⁹I.

多重过程影响放射性同位素的命运¹²⁹我在环境中。这些过程的主要类别包括由矿物和微生物介导的电子转移反应，对沉积物的吸附，与有机物的相互作用，共沉淀和挥发。提供了对主要生物地球化学过程的描述，以描述这些过程与相关的碘化学物质之间的相互关系。在美国，大多数地下碘的归因和迁移研究都是在美国能源部（DOE）的地点进行的，这些地点的环境中和储存的废物中都存在碘的放射性同位素。DOE Hanford站点和Savannah河站点（SRS）用于说明站点中的碘种类和主要过程是如何通过主要站点的生物地球化学条件来控制的。这些地点的气候有所不同（干旱与干旱 亚热带），主要地球化学参数（例如，pH〜7.5 vs. 4）和矿物学（碳酸盐相对于Fe / Al氧化物为主）。某一地点的碘形态和主要过程也对选择和实施适当的补救方法产生影响。¹²⁹我