<br>碳量子点及其生物医学和治疗应用：综述,RSC Advances

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碳量子点及其生物医学和治疗应用：综述
RSC Advances ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-25 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08088g
Mohammad Jafar Molaei ₁

Affiliation

近年来，纳米碳量子点（CQD）因其尺寸小、荧光发射、化学稳定性、水溶性、易于合成和功能化的可能性等特性而受到越来越多的关注。 CQD 是尺寸低于 10 nm 的荧光 0D 碳纳米结构。 CQD 中的荧光有两个来源：共轭 π 域带隙跃迁的荧光发射和表面缺陷的荧光。 CQD 可以发射近红外 (NIR) 光谱区域的荧光，这使得它们适合生物医学应用。这些结构中的荧光可以根据激发波长进行调节。 CQD已在生物医学、光催化、光传感器、太阳能转换、发光二极管（LED）等不同领域得到应用。CQD的生物医学应用包括生物成像、药物递送、基因递送和癌症治疗。与重金属半导体量子点 (QD) 相比，荧光 CQD 具有低毒性和其他优异的物理化学特性，这使其成为生物医学应用的绝佳候选者。在这篇综述中，阐明了 CQD 的合成路线和光学特性，以及 CQD 在生物成像（体内和体外）、药物输送、癌症治疗、其通过血脑屏障 (BBB) 的潜力、生物医学应用方面的最新进展。和基因传递进行了讨论。

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Carbon quantum dots and their biomedical and therapeutic applications: a review

In recent years, nano carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have received increasing attention due to their properties such as small size, fluorescence emission, chemical stability, water solubility, easy synthesis, and the possibility of functionalization. CQDs are fluorescent 0D carbon nanostructures with sizes below 10 nm. The fluorescence in CQDs originates from two sources, the fluorescence emission from bandgap transitions of conjugated π-domains and fluorescence from surface defects. The CQDs can emit fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region which makes them appropriate for biomedical applications. The fluorescence in these structures can be tuned with respect to the excitation wavelength. The CQDs have found applications in different areas such as biomedicine, photocatalysis, photosensors, solar energy conversion, light emitting diodes (LEDs), etc. The biomedical applications of CQDs include bioimaging, drug delivery, gene delivery, and cancer therapy. The fluorescent CQDs have low toxicity and other exceptional physicochemical properties in comparison to heavy metals semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) which make them superior candidates for biomedical applications. In this review, the synthesis routes and optical properties of the CQDs are clarified and recent advances in CQDs biomedical applications in bioimaging (in vivo and in vitro), drug delivery, cancer therapy, their potential to pass blood–brain barrier (BBB), and gene delivery are discussed.

更新日期：2019-02-25

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