Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of cancer immunotherapeutics. Administration of OVs to cancer-bearing hosts induces two distinct immunities: antiviral and antitumor. While antitumor immunity is beneficial, antiviral immune responses are often considered detrimental for the efficacy of OV-based therapy. The existing dogma postulates that anti-OV immune responses restrict viral replication and spread, and thus reduce direct OV-mediated killing of cancer cells. Accordingly, a myriad of therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating anti-OV immune responses is presently being tested. Here, we advocate that OV-induced antiviral immune responses hold intrinsic anticancer benefits and are essential for establishing clinically desired antitumor immunity. Thus, to achieve the optimal efficacy of OV-based cancer immunotherapies, strategic management of anti-OV immune responses is of critical importance.

中文翻译：

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抗病毒免疫的抗肿瘤益处：溶瘤病毒治疗的一个未被重视的方面

溶瘤病毒（OVs）代表了一类新的癌症免疫疗法。将OVs施用给携带癌症的宿主可诱导两种不同的免疫力：抗病毒和抗肿瘤。尽管抗肿瘤免疫是有益的，但抗病毒免疫反应通常被认为对基于OV的治疗功效有害。现有的教条假设抗OV免疫反应会限制病毒的复制和扩散，从而减少OV介导的癌细胞直接杀伤。因此，目前正在测试多种旨在减轻抗OV免疫应答的治疗策略。在这里，我们主张OV诱导的抗病毒免疫反应具有固有的抗癌作用，并且对于建立临床所需的抗肿瘤免疫力至关重要。因此，为了获得基于OV的癌症免疫疗法的最佳疗效，