This review focuses on the production of liquid fuels using solar energy combined with their use in direct liquid fuel cells. The production of formic acid, which is the two-electron reduced product of CO₂, as a solar liquid fuel as well as a hydrogen storage material is discussed together with its use in direct formate fuel cells. Other CO₂ reduction products such as methanol and formaldehyde as solar liquid fuels as well as hydrogen storage materials are reviewed with the performance of the corresponding fuel cells. The production of nitrogen fixation products such as ammonia and hydrazine is also reviewed together with their fuel cells. Finally, the production of hydrogen peroxide from not only pure water but also seawater and dioxygen in the air using solar energy is discussed and combined with the recent development of one-compartment hydrogen peroxide fuel cells.

这篇综述着重于利用太阳能及其直接液体燃料电池的使用来生产液体燃料。讨论了甲酸（作为CO ₂的两电子还原产物），太阳能液体燃料以及储氢材料的生产及其在直接甲酸酯燃料电池中的用途。其他CO ₂审查了甲醇和甲醛等还原性产品（用作太阳能液体燃料）以及储氢材料，并介绍了相应燃料电池的性能。还审查了诸如氨和肼之类的固氮产品及其燃料电池的生产。最后，讨论了不仅利用纯净水，而且还利用太阳能从空气中的海水和双氧生产过氧化氢，并将其与单室过氧化氢燃料电池的最新发展相结合。