Lithium (Li) dendrite alleviation via three-dimensional (3D) structured current collectors has been well studied for Li metal-based batteries. Here we demonstrate that a hollow carbon nanofiber with proper interior to exterior radius ratio can enable Li-ions to deposit on the inner surface of the channels selectively due to the drifting effect from the structural stresses. Based on this principle, a lotus-root like structure is further designed to realize a dendrite-free hybrid Li anode with a high Li loading capability. The lotus-root like carbon nanofiber (LCNF) anode, with being coated by a lithiated Nafion (LNafion) layer as artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI), achieves a capacity of > 3600 mA h g_carbon⁻¹ for Li deposition/stripping along with a greatly improved CE. The fundamental understanding of the relation between the Li deposition and the matrix geometry will provide new insight for the rational design of the hybrid Li anode in the Li metal-based battery system.

对于基于锂金属的电池，已经对通过三维（3D）结构的集电器减轻锂（Li）枝晶的现象进行了深入研究。在这里，我们证明具有适当的内外半径比的中空碳纳米纤维可以使锂离子选择性地沉积在通道的内表面上，这归因于结构应力的漂移作用。基于此原理，进一步设计了类似lotus的结构，以实现具有高Li负载能力的无枝晶混合Li阳极。lotus状碳纳米纤维（LCNF）阳极，以锂离子化的Nafion（LNafion）层作为人工固体电解质界面（SEI）进行涂覆，可实现> 3600 mA hg_碳^-1的容量用于锂的沉积/剥离以及大大改善的CE。对锂沉积与基体几何形状之间关系的基本理解将为基于锂金属的电池系统中混合锂阳极的合理设计提供新的见解。