The gut microbiota is pivotal for maintaining health through beneficial symbiotic interaction with the host supporting the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract but also of the majority of extraintestinal organs. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, which remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The colonisation or overgrowth of certain bacterial species at the expense of others has been implicated in tumorigenesis. For instance, Helicobacter pylori infection is known to cause chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing gastric cancer, while Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum overgrowth have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Consequently, several microbiota-based strategies have been developed to regulate cancer progression, enhance immune responses towards tumorous cells and improve the effectiveness of current anticancer therapies.1 Among the most abundant bacteria in the healthy human gut microbiota, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , an anaerobic member of the Clostridium IV group, is significantly reduced in patients with different types of cancers.2 3 Several studies suggest that this species may have direct antitumour effects against breast cancer and CRC,3 4 or alternatively boost the response to chemotherapy, particularly the immune …

中文翻译：

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粪杆菌 prausnitzii：一个在癌症研究中具有多种潜在意义的物种


肠道微生物群通过与宿主的有益共生相互作用来支持胃肠道和大多数肠外器官的稳态，从而维持健康。肠道微生物组的改变与各种疾病的发病机制有关，包括癌症，癌症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。某些细菌种类的定植或过度生长而牺牲了其他细菌种类与肿瘤发生有关。例如，已知幽门螺杆菌感染会引起慢性炎症并显着增加患胃癌的风险，而脆弱拟杆菌和梭杆菌核杆菌过度生长与结直肠癌 （CRC） 有关。因此，已经开发了几种基于微生物群的策略来调节癌症进展，增强对肿瘤细胞的免疫反应并提高当前抗癌疗法的有效性.1 在健康人类肠道微生物群中最丰富的细菌中，普拉粪杆菌 （Faecalibacterium prausnitzii） 是梭菌 IV 组的厌氧菌，在不同类型癌症患者中显著减少.3 多项研究表明，该物种可能具有直接的抗肿瘤作用 针对乳腺癌和 CRC，3 4 或增强对化疗的反应，特别是免疫 ...