Antigen-specific therapies have a long history in the treatment of allergy but have not been successful in autoimmunity. However, in the past 20 years, advances in the definition of the self-antigens that promote autoimmunity and the growing understanding of the mechanisms that maintain tolerance in health but fail in autoimmunity have led to antigen-specific approaches being considered for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The core goal of each antigen-specific treatment approach is to remove the immune response that promotes autoimmunity whilst sparing protective responses. Approaches to antigen-specific therapy range from targeted deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes to tolerization of autoreactive T cells and active inhibition of autoimmune responses. Technologies such as vaccines, nanoparticles, cell-based therapies and gene editing are being harnessed to achieve these goals. Remaining challenges include the selection of the best antigen to target, modality and timing of administration of these therapies and the disease in which the therapies are used; overcoming these challenges will be vital to move antigen-specific therapies forward. Once established, antigen-specific therapy has the potential to be applied broadly in the area of autoimmunity.

抗原特异性疗法在治疗过敏方面有着悠久的历史，但在自身免疫方面尚未成功。然而，在过去的 20 年中，促进自身免疫的自身抗原定义的进步以及对维持健康耐受性但自身免疫失败的机制的日益理解，导致抗原特异性方法被考虑用于治疗自身免疫性疾病。每种抗原特异性治疗方法的核心目标是消除促进自身免疫的免疫反应，同时保留保护性反应。抗原特异性治疗方法包括从自身反应性淋巴细胞的靶向缺失到自身反应性 T 细胞的耐受和自身免疫反应的主动抑制。疫苗、纳米颗粒、基于细胞的疗法和基因编辑等技术正在被用于实现这些目标。剩下的挑战包括选择最佳抗原作为靶标、这些疗法的给药方式和时间以及使用这些疗法的疾病;克服这些挑战对于推动抗原特异性疗法的发展至关重要。一旦建立，抗原特异性疗法就有可能广泛应用于自身免疫领域。