Non-emissive transmissive displays—such as see-through electrochromic displays—regulate natural light instead of emitting light, resulting in low energy consumption, reduced eye strain and outdoor applications in daytime. However, the fabrication of electrochromic displays is complex due to the integration of several layers with different manufacturing requirements. Here we show that a transparent conducting polymer, n-doped poly(3,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6-dione) (n-PBDF), can be used as both a transparent conductor and ion-storage material to make all-polymer electrochromic displays. The polymer has similar electrical properties as conventional transparent conductors while also being flexible and solution processable. The n-PBDF layer can serve dual roles in the display because of its high mixed ionic and electronic conductivity, which simplifies the device and allows for precise display pixel activation and control. By combining the minimally colour-changing n-PBDF with a patternable solid-state electrolyte, we created a non-emissive, flexible, all-polymer electrochromic display with low power consumption, bistability and full-colour capability.

非发射透射式显示器（如透明电致变色显示器）可调节自然光而不是发射光，从而实现低能耗、减少眼睛疲劳和白天的户外应用。然而，由于集成了具有不同制造要求的几层，电致变色显示器的制造很复杂。在这里，我们展示了透明导电聚合物 n 掺杂聚（3,7-二氢苯并[1,2-b：4,5-b']二呋喃-2,6-二酮）（n-PBDF），可用作透明导体和离子存储材料，以制造全聚合物电致变色显示器。该聚合物具有与传统透明导体相似的电气特性，同时还具有柔韧性和溶液加工性。n-PBDF 层由于其高混合离子和电子导电性，可以在显示器中发挥双重作用，这简化了器件并允许精确的显示器像素激活和控制。通过将颜色变化最小的 n-PBDF 与可图案化的固态电解质相结合，我们创造了一种具有低功耗、双稳态和全彩色能力的非发射、柔性、全聚合物电致变色显示器。