The gut mycobiome significantly affects host health and immunity. However, most studies have focused on symbiotic bacteria in the gut microbiome, whereas less attention has been given to symbiotic fungi. Although fungi constitute only 0.01%-0.1% of the gut microbiome, their larger size and unique immunoregulatory functions make them significant. Factors like diet, antimicrobials use, and age can disrupt the fungal community, leading to dysbiosis. Fungal-bacterial-host immune interactions are critical in maintaining gut homeostasis, with fungi playing a role in mediating immune responses such as Th17 cell activation. This review highlights methods for studying gut fungi, the composition and influencing factors of the gut mycobiome, and its potential in therapeutic interventions for intestinal and hepatic diseases. We aim to provide new insights into the underexplored role of gut fungi in human health.

中文翻译：

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菌群作为肠道微生物组的组成部分：共生真菌在健康和疾病中的关键作用。


肠道菌群对宿主的健康和免疫力有显著影响。然而，大多数研究都集中在肠道微生物组中的共生细菌上，而对共生真菌的关注较少。尽管真菌仅占肠道微生物组的 0.01%-0.1%，但它们更大的尺寸和独特的免疫调节功能使它们具有重要意义。饮食、抗菌剂的使用和年龄等因素会破坏真菌群落，导致生态失调。真菌-细菌-宿主免疫相互作用对于维持肠道稳态至关重要，真菌在介导免疫反应（如 Th17 细胞活化）中发挥作用。本综述重点介绍了研究肠道真菌的方法、肠道菌群的组成和影响因素，以及其在肠道和肝脏疾病治疗干预中的潜力。我们的目标是为肠道真菌在人类健康中未被充分开发的作用提供新的见解。