This study geolocates the place of residence for a majority of free residents in Washington, D.C. in the year 1860 using archival data and evaluates their spatial distribution with respect to racialized residential segregation patterns. Transcribed individual census entries were joined to city directory records and geocoded at the household level using a customized historical address locator derived from period street directories in order to extract socioeconomic details at a fine scale. These data points are used here to contextualize early segregation patterns in Washington, and additionally they were joined to city blocks to conduct quantitative analyses of racialized residential segregation. Measurements at the city block level indicate a moderately high degree of unevenness and isolation between the White and Black population already present in the years before the 1861–1865 US Civil War (antebellum) Washington, well ahead of the widespread development of alley style housing that drove microscale racial segregation in subsequent decades.

中文翻译：

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历史住宅隔离的更精细分辨率：对 1860 年华盛顿特区的人口进行地理编码和分析


本研究使用档案数据对 1860 年华盛顿特区大多数自由居民的居住地进行了地理定位，并评估了他们相对于种族化住宅隔离模式的空间分布。转录的单个人口普查条目与城市目录记录连接起来，并使用从时期街道目录派生的自定义历史地址定位器在家庭级别进行地理编码，以便提取精细的社会经济细节。这些数据点在这里用于描述华盛顿早期的种族隔离模式，此外，它们还与城市街区相连，对种族化的住宅隔离进行定量分析。城市街区级别的测量表明，在 1861-1865 年美国南北战争（南北战争前）华盛顿之前的几年里，白人和黑人人口之间就已经存在中等程度的不平衡和孤立，远远领先于小巷式住房的广泛发展，这种住房在随后的几十年中推动了微观的种族隔离。