Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral illness that can cause acute febrile illness, severe disease, or death. Worldwide, the number of dengue cases is increasing. During the last dengue outbreaks in Puerto Rico throughout 2010-2013, dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 (DENV-1) predominated, and the largest proportion of cases occurred among adolescents and young adults aged 10-19 years. Dengue case data from January 1, 2010-November 4, 2024, were obtained from the Puerto Rico Department of Health. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the distribution of cases by patient age, DENV serotype, and hospitalization status during three periods: 2010-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024. During 2023-2024, the median age of dengue cases increased to 26 years (95% CI = 25-27 years) compared with that during 2020-2022 (17 years; 95% CI = 17-18 years) and 2010-2019 (19 years; 95% CI = 19-19 years). After >10 years of DENV-1 predominance, the proportions of DENV serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3) increased significantly during 2023-2024, with DENV-3 replacing DENV-1 as the predominant serotype. In addition, the proportion of dengue patients who were hospitalized increased from 35.7% (2010-2019) to 53.5% (2023-2024). The current dengue outbreak in Puerto Rico marks a shift in serotype predominance to DENV-3 and increasing percentages of cases in older age groups (61.7% in adults aged ≥20 years), although a high proportion of cases still occur among adolescents aged 10-19 years (29.5%). The current dengue outbreak also has a higher rate of hospitalizations than those in previous years. Understanding the changing epidemiology of dengue is crucial to guiding public health strategies for dengue control, including clinical management, surveillance and health care system resilience, and public outreach and education.

中文翻译：

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登革热流行病学 - 波多黎各，2010-2024 年。


登革热是一种蚊媒病毒性疾病，可导致急性发热性疾病、严重疾病或死亡。在全球范围内，登革热病例的数量正在增加。在 2010-2013 年波多黎各的最后一次登革热疫情中，登革热病毒 （DENV） 血清型 1 （DENV-1） 占主导地位，病例比例最大，发生在 10-19 岁的青少年和年轻人中。2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 11 月 4 日的登革热病例数据来自波多黎各卫生部。进行双变量分析，按患者年龄、 DENV 血清型和住院状态评估 2010-2019 年、 2020-2022 年和 2023-2024 年三个时期的病例分布。与 2020-2022 年（17 岁;95% CI = 17-18 岁）和 2010-2019 年（19 岁;95% CI = 19-19 岁）相比，2023-2024 年期间，登革热病例的中位年龄增加到 26 岁（95% CI = 25-27 岁）。在 >10 年 DENV-1 优势之后，DENV 血清型 2 （DENV-2） 和 3 （DENV-3） 的比例在 2023-2024 年期间显著增加，DENV-3 取代 DENV-1 成为主要血清型。此外，住院的登革热患者比例从 35.7%（2010-2019 年）增加到 53.5%（2023-2024 年）。波多黎各目前暴发的登革热疫情标志着血清型优势转向 DENV-3，老年人群的病例百分比增加（≥20 岁的成年人为 61.7%），尽管很大一部分病例仍发生在 10-19 岁的青少年中 （29.5%）。目前的登革热疫情的住院率也高于前几年。 了解不断变化的登革热流行病学对于指导登革热控制的公共卫生战略至关重要，包括临床管理、监测和卫生保健系统复原力以及公共宣传和教育。