When it comes to body movements in external space, people are experts in learning fine-grained voluntary control, for example, when manipulating tiny objects. Voluntarily controlling actions in the internal body (e.g., decreasing heart rate), however, is far more difficult and requires dedicated training, for example, in meditation or yoga. Not much is currently known about the learning mechanism underlying the acquisition of voluntary control over internal visceromotor actions (i.e., interoaction) or why it is so difficult compared to controlling our external somatomotor actions (i.e., exteroaction). We propose the ideomotor hypothesis of voluntary interoaction in this article, which asserts that voluntary exteroactions and interoactions are governed by the same general principle, namely, the anticipation of sensory feedback. We apply this hypothesis to two techniques that can be used to acquire voluntary control over interoactions, that is, autogenic training and biofeedback training. As the afferent signal we receive from interoaction (i.e., interoceptive signals from the internal body) is of lower sensory quality than the afferent signal that we receive from exteroaction (i.e., exteroceptive signals from the external environment), this hypothesis explains why learning to control interoactions is more difficult. We propose ways in which to test predictions from this hypothesis and show its theoretical value by comparing it to other frameworks in the literature. We hope that this work motivates future empirical studies directly examining voluntary interoaction and its clinical applications, such as autogenic and biofeedback training, and mind-body practices more generally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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从内感受到对内部身体的控制：自主内行为的意识运动假说。


当谈到外部空间的身体运动时，人们是学习精细自主控制的专家，例如，在操纵微小物体时。然而，自愿控制体内的活动（例如，降低心率）要困难得多，并且需要专门的训练，例如冥想或瑜伽。目前对获得对内部内脏运动行为（即交互作用）的自主控制的学习机制或为什么与控制我们的外部躯体运动行为（即外向运动）相比如此困难知之甚少。我们在本文中提出了自愿互动的意识运动假说，该假说断言自愿外出和互动受相同的一般原则支配，即对感官反馈的预期。我们将这一假设应用于两种可用于获得对交互行为的自愿控制的技术，即自体训练和生物反馈训练。由于我们从相互作用中接收到的传入信号（即来自体内的内感受信号）的感知质量低于我们从外部动作接收到的传入信号（即来自外部环境的外感受信号），因此这个假设解释了为什么学习控制相互作用更加困难。我们提出了检验该假设预测的方法，并通过将其与文献中的其他框架进行比较来展示其理论价值。我们希望这项工作能激发未来的实证研究，直接检查自愿互动及其临床应用，例如自体和生物反馈训练，以及更普遍的身心实践。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。