Humans evolved to solve adaptive problems with kin and nonkin across fitness-relevant domains, including childcare and resource sharing, among others. Therefore, there is a great diversity in the types of interdependences humans experience across activities, relationships, and ecologies. To identify human psychological adaptations for cooperation, we argue that researchers must accurately characterize human fitness interdependence (FI). We propose a theoretical framework for assessing variation in FI that applies to the social interactions humans would have experienced across situations, relationships, and ecologies in the ancestral past and continue to experience today. According to this model, FI is characterized along four dimensions: (a) corresponding versus conflicting interests (b) mutual dependence versus independence, (c) asymmetrical versus symmetrical dependence (i.e., power), and (d) coordination. Because humans evolved to be highly mutually dependent on others to solve myriad adaptive problems, even compared to our closest living relatives, there is immense variability in the types of interdependences humans experience in daily life. Here, we describe the kinds of variation in interdependence humans experience, paying particular attention to social life in small-scale societies. In demonstrating the diversity of conflicts and coordination problems humans manage, we contend that humans evolved psychological adaptations to infer from signals, cues, and properties of the environment the four dimensions of FI under degrees of uncertainty to reduce the costs of cooperation. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of FI theory and emphasize that when individuals understand that others depend on them, it gives way to a new means of leverage to influence how others behave toward them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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对健身相互依存的心理适应是人类生态学之间合作的基础。


人类进化到可以解决与健身相关的领域的亲属和非亲属的适应性问题，包括儿童保育和资源共享等。因此，人类在活动、人际关系和生态中经历的相互依存类型存在很大差异。为了确定人类对合作的心理适应，我们认为研究人员必须准确描述人类适应性相互依赖性 （FI）。我们提出了一个理论框架来评估 FI 的变化，该框架适用于人类在祖先过去在各种情况、关系和生态中经历的社会互动，并在今天继续经历。根据该模型，FI 分为四个维度：（a） 对应与冲突的利益 （b） 相互依赖与独立，（c） 不对称与对称的依赖（即权力），以及 （d） 协调。因为人类进化到高度相互依赖他人来解决无数的适应性问题，即使与我们最亲近的亲戚相比，人类在日常生活中经历的相互依赖类型也存在巨大的差异。在这里，我们描述了人类经历的相互依存变化的各种变化，特别关注小规模社会中的社会生活。在证明人类管理的冲突和协调问题的多样性时，我们认为人类进化出了心理适应能力，可以从信号、线索和环境属性中推断出不确定性程度下 FI 的四个维度，以降低合作成本。 我们最后讨论了 FI 理论的理论含义，并强调当个人理解他人依赖他们时，它就会让位于一种新的杠杆手段来影响他人对他们的行为方式。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。