Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute, diffuse inflammatory lung condition triggered by factors of severe infections, trauma, shock, burns, ischemia-reperfusion, and mechanical ventilation. It is primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and respiratory distress. The more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can progress to multi-organ failure and has a high mortality rate. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of ALI and ARDS remains complex and not fully understood. Recent advancements in studying the gut microecology of patients have revealed the critical role that gut microbes play in ALI/ARDS onset and progression. While the exact mechanisms are still under investigation, evidence increasingly points to the influence of gut microbes and their metabolites on ALI/ARDS. This review aims to summarize the role of gut microbes and their metabolites in ALI/ARDS caused by various triggers. Moreover, it explores potential mechanisms and discusses how gut microbe-targeting interventions might offer new clinical strategies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS.

中文翻译：

---

肠道微生物在急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的作用。


急性肺损伤 （ALI） 是一种急性弥漫性炎症性肺病，由严重感染、创伤、休克、烧伤、缺血再灌注和机械通气等因素引发。它的主要特征是难治性低氧血症和呼吸窘迫。更严重的形式是急性呼吸窘迫综合征 （ARDS），可发展为多器官衰竭，死亡率高。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但 ALI 和 ARDS 的确切发病机制仍然很复杂，尚不完全清楚。研究患者肠道微生态学的最新进展揭示了肠道微生物在 ALI/ARDS 发作和进展中的关键作用。虽然确切的机制仍在研究中，但越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物及其代谢物对 ALI/ARDS 的影响。本文旨在总结肠道微生物及其代谢物在各种触发因素引起的 ALI/ARDS 中的作用。此外，它还探讨了潜在的机制，并讨论了肠道微生物靶向干预如何为治疗 ALI/ARDS 提供新的临床策略。