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An erythroid-specific lentiviral vector improves anemia and iron metabolism in a new model of XLSA.
Blood ( IF 21.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-10 , DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025846
Carlo Castruccio Castracani,Laura Breda,Tyler Ellis Papp,Amaliris Guerra,Enrico Radaelli,Charles-Antoine Assenmacher,Giovanni Finesso,Barbara L Mui,Ying K Tam,Simona Fontana,Chiara Riganti,Veronica Fiorito,Sara Petrillo,Emanuela Tolosano,Hamideh Parhiz,Stefano Rivella

X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) is a congenital anemia caused by mutations in ALAS2, a gene responsible for heme synthesis. Treatments are limited to pyridoxine supplements and blood transfusions, offering no definitive cure except for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, only accessible to a subset of patients. The absence of a suitable animal model has hindered the development of gene therapy research for this disease. We engineered a conditional Alas2-KO mouse model using tamoxifen administration or treatment with lipid nanoparticles (LNP) carrying Cre-mRNA and conjugated to an anti-CD117 antibody. Alas2-KOBM animals displayed a severe anemic phenotype characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), leading to low numbers of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT). In particular, erythropoiesis in these animals showed expansion of polychromatic erythroid cells, characterized by reduced oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria's function, and activity of key Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. In contrast, glycolysis was increased in the unsuccessful attempt to extend cell survival despite mitochondrial dysfunction. The IE was associated with marked splenomegaly and low hepcidin levels, leading to iron accumulation in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow and the formation of ring sideroblasts. To investigate the potential of a gene therapy approach for XLSA, we developed a lentiviral vector (X-ALAS2-LV) to direct ALAS2 expression in erythroid cells. Infusion of BM cells with 0.6-1.4 copies of the X-ALAS2-LV in Alas2-KOBM mice improved CBC levels, tissue iron accumulation, and survival rates. These findings suggest our vector could be curative in XLSA patients.

中文翻译:


红细胞特异性慢病毒载体在 XLSA 的新模型中改善贫血和铁代谢。



X 连锁铁粒幼细胞性贫血 (XLSA) 是一种由 ALAS2 突变引起的先天性贫血,ALAS2 是负责血红素合成的基因。治疗仅限于吡哆醇补充剂和输血,除了同种异体造血干细胞移植外,没有明确的治愈方法,只有一部分患者可以使用。缺乏合适的动物模型阻碍了这种疾病的基因治疗研究的发展。我们设计了一个条件性 Alas2-KO 小鼠模型,使用他莫昔芬给药或用携带 Cre-mRNA 的脂质纳米颗粒 (LNP) 处理并与抗 CD117 抗体偶联。Alas2-KOBM 动物表现出严重的贫血表型,其特征是无效红细胞生成 (IE),导致红细胞 (RBC) 、血红蛋白 (Hb) 和血细胞比容 (HCT) 数量减少。特别是,这些动物的红细胞生成显示多色红细胞的扩增,其特征是氧化磷酸化、线粒体功能和关键三羧酸 (TCA) 循环酶的活性降低。相比之下,尽管线粒体功能障碍,但延长细胞存活率的尝试不成功,糖酵解增加。IE 与明显的脾肿大和铁调素水平低有关,导致铁在肝脏、脾脏和骨髓中积累,并形成环形铁粒幼红细胞。为了研究 XLSA 基因治疗方法的潜力,我们开发了一种慢病毒载体 (X-ALAS2-LV) 来指导 ALAS2 在红细胞中的表达。在 Alas2-KOBM 小鼠中输注 0.6-1.4 拷贝的 X-ALAS2-LV 的 BM 细胞可改善 CBC 水平、组织铁积累和存活率。这些发现表明我们的载体可以治愈 XLSA 患者。
更新日期:2024-12-10
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