Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigms for hematological malignancies. However, more than half of these patients cannot achieve sustainable tumor control, partially due to the inadequate potency of CAR-T cells in eradicating tumor cells. T cells are crucial components of the anti-tumor immune response, and multiple intrinsic T-cell features significantly influence the outcomes of CAR-T cell therapy. Herein, we review progressing research on T-cell characteristics that impact the effectiveness of CAR-T cells, including T-cell exhaustion, memory subsets, senescence, regulatory T-cells, the CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ T-cell ratio, metabolism, and the T-cell receptor repertoire. With comprehensive insight into the biological processes underlying successful CAR-T cell therapy, we will further refine the applications of these novel therapeutic modalities, and enhance their efficacy and safety for patients.

嵌合抗原受体 （CAR） T 细胞疗法彻底改变了血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗模式。然而，这些患者中超过一半无法实现可持续的肿瘤控制，部分原因是 CAR-T 细胞在根除肿瘤细胞方面的效力不足。T 细胞是抗肿瘤免疫反应的关键组成部分，多种内在 T 细胞特征显着影响 CAR-T 细胞治疗的结果。在此，我们回顾了影响 CAR-T 细胞有效性的 T 细胞特征的研究进展，包括 T 细胞耗竭、记忆亚群、衰老、调节性 T 细胞、CD4 ⁺ 与 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞比率、代谢和 T 细胞受体库。通过全面了解 CAR-T 细胞疗法成功背后的生物过程，我们将进一步完善这些新型治疗方式的应用，并提高它们对患者的疗效和安全性。