Section snippets

mRNA vaccine targeting Clostridioides difficile

Researchers in the USA investigated an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine platform to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection and disease. The vaccine constructs contained TcdA, TcdB, and PPEP-1 sequences that were well conserved across genetically diverse strains of C difficile. In mice, a bivalent (TcdA–TcdB) or trivalent (TcdA–TcdB–PPEP-1) vaccine elicited IgG responses that were two to four times higher than those elicited by a trivalent recombinant protein vaccine with alum adjuvant.

Doxycycline PEP effects on gut microbiome

To investigate the effects of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) on the gut microbiome and antimicrobial resistance, investigators obtained rectal swabs from participants in the DoxyPEP clinical trial of doxy-PEP versus standard of care, and undertook metagenomic DNA sequencing for 127 samples from 89 participants and metatranscriptomic RNA sequencing for 86 samples from 70 participants. Between day 0 and month 6, no differences were noted between the groups in total bacterial

T-cell based vaccines for flaviviruses

Zika virus and dengue virus are two closely related flaviviruses that are endemic in the same geographical areas. Transgenic mice expressing HLA class I peptides were vaccinated with a DNA encoding Zika virus non-structural (NS) poly-epitope. T-cell responses were elicited against more than 20 Zika virus epitopes previously identified in humans, without inducing neutralising antibodies. Following infection with Zika virus on day 36 after vaccination, two of five mice given the Zika virus

Leishmania infection in Thailand

Researchers assessed the burden of Leishmania infection in a cohort of immunocompromised people with HIV in Trang Province (Thailand) during 2018–19, 373 of whom had initially tested negative for Leishmania in 2015–16, and 133 who had initially tested positive. One case of Leishmania orientalis infection and 11 seropositive cases (ie, a titre of ≥1:100 for Leishmania antibodies) were identified in the initially negative group, equating to a cumulative incidence of 3·2% and an incidence density

First fatal borealpox virus infection

A case study described the first known fatality from borealpox virus (formerly known as Alaskapox). The patient, a man aged 69 years living in the Kenai Peninsula (Alaska, USA), was receiving anti-CD20 therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. He presented to an Alaskan health clinic in September 2023, reporting 5 days of fever, headache, and myalgia, with 4 days of new skin lesions in the right axilla and right inner thigh. The lesions worsened and spread despite treatment with vancomycin and

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 研究简介

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针对艰难梭菌的 mRNA 疫苗

美国的研究人员研究了一种 mRNA-脂质纳米颗粒 （LNP） 疫苗平台，以预防艰难梭菌感染和疾病。疫苗构建体包含 TcdA、TcdB 和 PPEP-1 序列，这些序列在遗传多样化的艰难梭菌菌株中非常保守。在小鼠中，二价 （TcdA-TcdB） 或三价 （TcdA-TcdB-PPEP-1） 疫苗引起的 IgG 反应比含明矾佐剂的三价重组蛋白疫苗引起的 IgG 反应高 2 至 4 倍。

多西环素 PEP 对肠道微生物组的影响

为了研究多西环素暴露后预防 （doxy-PEP） 对肠道微生物组和抗菌素耐药性的影响，研究人员从 Doxy-PEP 临床试验的参与者那里获得了多西-PEP 与标准护理的临床试验的直肠拭子，并对 89 名参与者的 127 个样本进行了宏基因组 DNA 测序，对 70 名参与者的 86 个样本进行了宏基因组 RNA 测序。在第 0 天和第 6 个月之间，两组之间的细菌总数没有差异

基于 T 细胞的黄病毒疫苗

寨卡病毒和登革热病毒是两种密切相关的黄病毒，它们在同一地理区域流行。表达 HLA I 类肽的转基因小鼠接种编码寨卡病毒非结构 （NS） 多表位的 DNA。针对先前在人类中发现的 20 多种寨卡病毒表位引发了 T 细胞反应，而没有诱导中和抗体。接种疫苗后第 36 天感染寨卡病毒后，五只小鼠中有两只给予寨卡病毒

泰国的利什曼原虫感染

研究人员评估了 2018-19 年董里省（泰国）一组免疫功能低下的 HIV 感染者的利什曼原虫感染负担，其中 373 人最初在 2015-16 年的利什曼原虫检测呈阴性，133 人最初检测呈阳性。在初始阴性组中确定了 1 例侧方利什曼原虫感染和 11 例血清阳性病例（即利什曼原虫抗体滴度为 ≥1：100），相当于 3·2% 的累积发病率和发病率密度

首次致命的猪痘病毒感染

一项案例研究描述了首例已知的猪痘病毒（以前称为阿拉斯加波克斯）死亡病例。该患者是一名 69 岁的男性，居住在基奈半岛（美国阿拉斯加），正在接受慢性淋巴细胞白血病的抗 CD20 治疗。他于 2023 年 9 月到阿拉斯加一家健康诊所就诊，报告出现 5 天的发热、头痛和肌痛，右腋窝和右大腿内侧有 4 天的新皮肤病变。尽管接受了万古霉素和