Importance Communicating clearly about who is included in a population group is a critical element to effective dissemination and knowledge transfer. This narrative review highlights the inconsistency as it relates to communicating about individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and developmental disability (DD). Observations There is enormous variability in the use of definitions and abbreviations in the field of intellectual disability and developmental disabilities. The lack of consistency has resulted in widely varying reported rates of prevalence and has contributed to confusion around the interpretation of research and clinical findings, population statistics, and policy decisions. The reported rates of prevalence for developmental disabilities published by different US federal agencies have ranged widely from 3% to 17%. This represents a 5-fold difference. Equally confusing is the inconsistent and ambiguous adoption of initialisms. These initialisms include ID/DD, IDD, and I/DD for which it is not always clear if these initialisms reference separate and independent populations (eg, ID or DD) or populations with co-occurring conditions (eg, persons with ID and DD). This Narrative Review discusses these issues and proposed a number of recommendations that would contribute to enhanced consistency and clarity of understanding for stakeholders, administrators, practitioners, researchers, and policy makers. Conclusion Authors of scholarly works, clinical publications, policies, and position papers are encouraged to provide a clear operational definition as well as the choice of initialisms used (eg, ID/DD, IDD, I/DD, etc) when it is first used.

中文翻译：

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当我们使用智力和发育障碍时，我们在谈论谁？


重要性 清楚地传达人群中包括哪些人是有效传播和知识转移的关键因素。本叙述性综述强调了与智力障碍 （ID） 和发育障碍 （DD） 个体交流有关的不一致性。观察 在智力障碍和发育障碍领域，定义和缩写的使用存在巨大差异。缺乏一致性导致报告的患病率差异很大，并导致对研究和临床结果、人口统计和政策决策的解释产生混淆。美国不同联邦机构公布的发育障碍患病率报告从 3% 到 17% 不等。这代表了 5 倍的差异。同样令人困惑的是首字母缩写的不一致和模棱两可的采用。这些首字母缩写词包括 ID/DD、IDD 和 I/DD，并不总是清楚这些首字母缩写是指的是独立和独立的人群（例如，ID 或 DD）还是同时发生疾病的人群（例如，ID 和 DD 患者）。本叙述性综述讨论了这些问题，并提出了一些建议，这些建议有助于提高利益相关者、管理人员、从业者、研究人员和政策制定者理解的一致性和清晰度。结论鼓励学术著作、临床出版物、政策和立场文件的作者在首次使用时提供明确的操作定义以及使用的首字母缩写的选择（例如，ID/DD、IDD、I/DD 等）。