Our understanding of how low oxygen (O2) conditions arise in plant tissues and how they shape specific responses has seen major advancement in recent years. Important drivers have been (i) the discovery of the molecular machinery that underpins plant O2 sensing and (ii) a growing set of dedicated tools to define experimental conditions and assess plant responses with increasing accuracy and resolution. While some of those tools, such as the Clark-type O2 electrode, were established decades ago, recent customization has set entirely new standards and enabled novel research avenues in plant hypoxia research. Other tools, such as optical hypoxia reporters and O2 biosensor systems, have been introduced more recently. Yet, their adoption into plant hypoxia research has started to generate novel insight into hypoxia physiology at the tissue and cellular levels. The aim of this update is to provide an overview of the currently available and emerging tools for O2 hypoxia measurements in plants, with an emphasis on high-resolution analyses in living plant tissues and cells. Furthermore, it offers directions for future development and deployment of tools to aid progress with the most pressing questions in plant hypoxia research.

中文翻译：

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了解植物组织中缺氧反应的工具


近年来，我们对植物组织中低氧 （O2） 条件如何出现以及它们如何影响特定反应的理解取得了重大进展。重要的驱动因素是 （i） 发现支撑植物 O2 传感的分子机制，以及 （ii） 越来越多的专用工具来定义实验条件并以更高的准确性和分辨率评估植物反应。虽然其中一些工具（例如 Clark 型 O2 电极）是几十年前建立的，但最近的定制设定了全新的标准，并为植物缺氧研究开辟了新的研究途径。最近还引入了其他工具，例如光学缺氧报告基因和 O2 生物传感器系统。然而，它们在植物缺氧研究中的采用已经开始为组织和细胞水平的缺氧生理学产生新的见解。本次更新的目的是概述目前可用的和新兴的植物 O 2 缺氧测量工具，重点是活植物组织和细胞的高分辨率分析。此外，它还为未来的开发和工具部署提供了方向，以帮助解决植物缺氧研究中最紧迫的问题。