BACKGROUND We previously identified a panel of sputum DNA methylation that predicts lung ageing and risk for lung cancer. RESEARCH QUESTION Can the sputum methylation panel be used as a readout to derive a dietary pattern beneficial for lung health? Is this dietary pattern associated with various subjective and objective lung health phenotypes? Does this relationship vary among people who currently (current smoker) versus previously smoked (former smoker)? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using the Lovelace Smoker Cohort (LSC), we employed the LASSO regularized Poisson regression to define a dietary pattern for sputum. Associations of the dietary pattern with objective and subjective lung health measurements were examined using generalized linear and Cox models in the LSC and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening trial. RESULTS The Dietary Pattern for Healthy Lung (DiPHeaL) includes low consumption of processed meat, and high consumption of dark-green vegetables, tea, alcohol, and fruit juice. In the LSC, higher DiPHeaL score (one standard deviation) was associated with better FEV1 (by 96.1 mL/s), FEV1/FVC ratio (by 1.83%), and respiratory quality of life (by 4.9 for activity score), and decreased cardiopulmonary mortality (by 47%) in former smokers (all Ps<0.05), but not in current smokers. Moreover, effect sizes of the DiPHeaL score on respiratory quality of life measures were greater among former smokers with airway obstruction compared to those without. Associations with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were replicated in PLCO former smokers. Greater DiPHeaL score was also associated with lower lung cancer incidence in former smokers, as well as reduced COPD incidence and lung cancer mortality regardless of smoking status in the PLCO. INTERPRETATION We defined a novel dietary pattern for lung epigenetic aging, which linked to lung health measurements. Former smokers, especially those with airway obstruction, may benefit the most from nutritional modification.

中文翻译：

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饮食模式、痰液 DNA 甲基化和肺部健康：对曾经吸烟者的流行病学研究。


背景 我们之前确定了一组痰 DNA 甲基化，可预测肺衰老和肺癌风险。研究问题 痰液甲基化面板可以用作读数来得出对肺部健康有益的饮食模式吗？这种饮食模式是否与各种主观和客观的肺部健康表型有关？这种关系在当前（当前吸烟者）和以前吸烟者（前吸烟者）之间是否不同？研究设计和方法 使用 Lovelace 吸烟者队列 （LSC），我们采用 LASSO 正则化泊松回归来定义痰液的饮食模式。在 LSC 和前列腺、肺、结直肠和卵巢 （PLCO） 癌症筛查试验中使用广义线性和 Cox 模型检查饮食模式与客观和主观肺部健康测量的关联。结果 健康肺饮食模式 （DiPHeaL） 包括低消费加工肉类，以及大量食用深绿色蔬菜、茶、酒精和果汁。在 LSC 中，较高的 DiPHeaL 评分 （一个标准差） 与较好的 FEV1 （96.1 mL/s）、FEV1/FVC 比值 （1.83%） 和呼吸生活质量 （活动评分为 4.9） 相关，心肺死亡率降低 （47%） 在既往吸烟者 （均 Ps<0.05） 中相关，但在当前吸烟者中则不然。此外，与没有气道阻塞的前吸烟者相比，DiPHeaL 评分对呼吸生活质量指标的效应量更大。与 PLCO 前吸烟者心血管和呼吸系统死亡率的关联是重复的。较高的 DiPHeaL 评分也与前吸烟者肺癌发病率的降低有关，并且与 COPD 发病率和肺癌死亡率的降低有关，无论 PLCO 中的吸烟状况如何。 解释 我们为肺表观遗传衰老定义了一种新的饮食模式，它与肺部健康测量有关。既往吸烟者，尤其是气道阻塞者，可能从营养调整中获益最大。