Bartonella quintana infection can cause severe disease that includes clinical manifestations such as endocarditis, chronic bacteremia, and vasoproliferative lesions of the skin and viscera. B. quintana bacteria is transmitted by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) and is associated with homelessness and limited access to hygienic services. We report B. quintana infection in 2 kidney transplant recipients in the United States from an organ donor who was experiencing homelessness. One infection manifested atypically, and the other was minimally symptomatic; with rapid detection, both recipients received timely treatment and recovered. B. quintana was identified retrospectively in an archived donor hematoma specimen, confirming the transmission link. Information about the organ donor’s housing status was critical to this investigation. Evaluation for B. quintana infection should be considered for solid organ transplant recipients who receive organs from donors with a history of homelessness or of body lice infestation.

五日热巴尔通体感染可引起严重疾病，包括临床表现，如心内膜炎、慢性菌血症以及皮肤和内脏的血管增生性病变。B. quintana 菌由人体虱 （Pediculus humanus corporis） 传播，与无家可归和获得卫生服务的机会有限有关。我们报告了美国 2 名肾移植受者来自一名无家可归者的五日热芽孢杆菌感染。一种感染表现为非典型，另一种症状轻微;通过快速检测，两名受者都得到了及时治疗并康复。在存档的供体血肿标本中回顾性鉴定出 B. quintana，证实了传播联系。有关器官捐献者住房状况的信息对这项调查至关重要。对于接受来自有无家可归史或体虱感染史的供体器官的实体器官移植受者，应考虑评估五日热芽孢杆菌感染。