A significant yet largely untapped reservoir of polluted water arises from groundwater, where the diffusion of PFAS has been shown to be alarmingly on the rise, driven by prolonged accumulation and restricted avenues for degradation. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was used to concentrate and remove perfluorooctanoic acid compounds from contaminated groundwater for the first time using commercially available poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes. The temporal membrane fouling propensity over the DCMD test was assessed by analysing the morphological and chemical structural changes of the pristine and used membranes. Over 120 h of test using 10 mg/L PFOA-contaminated model groundwater as feed, the PVDF membrane exhibited a lower extent of flux decline of 15% compared to that 43% obtained by PTFE membrane using feed temperature of 60 ^oC. This study provides a practical route to pre-concentrate the amphiphilic PFAS contaminants from groundwater.

地下水是一个重要但基本上未开发的污染水库，在长期积累和降解途径受限的推动下，PFAS 的扩散正在令人担忧地上升。直接接触膜蒸馏 （DCMD） 首次使用市售的聚四氟乙烯 （PTFE） 和聚偏二氟乙烯 （PVDF） 膜从受污染的地下水中浓缩和去除全氟辛酸化合物。通过分析原始膜和旧膜的形态和化学结构变化来评估 DCMD 测试中的颞膜污染倾向。使用 10 mg/L PFOA 污染的模型地下水作为进料，经过 120 小时的测试，PVDF 膜的通量下降幅度较低，为 15%，而 PTFE 膜在进料温度为 60 ^°C 时获得的通量下降幅度为 43%。本研究提供了一种从地下水中预浓缩两亲性 PFAS 污染物的实用方法。