Two-decade surface ozone (O3) pollution in China: Enhanced fine-scale estimations and environmental health implications,Remote Sensing of Environment

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Two-decade surface ozone (O3) pollution in China: Enhanced fine-scale estimations and environmental health implications
Remote Sensing of Environment ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2024.114459
Zeyu Yang, Zhanqing Li, Fan Cheng, Qiancheng Lv, Ke Li, Tao Zhang, Yuyu Zhou, Bin Zhao, Wenhao Xue, Jing Wei

Surface ozone (O3) has become a primary pollutant affecting urban air quality and public health in mainland China. To address this concern, we developed a nation-wide surface maximum daily average 8-h (MDA8) O3 concentration dataset for mainland China (ChinaHighO3) at a 10-km resolution with a start year of 2013, which has been widely employed in a wide range of studies. To meet the increasing demand for its usage, we have made important enhancements, including the development of a more advanced deep-learning model and the incorporation of major source updates, such as 1-km surface downward shortwave radiation and temperature directly from satellite retrievals, as well as a 1-km emission inventory. Additionally, we have extended the temporal coverage dating back to 2000, increased the spatial resolution to 1 km, and most importantly, notably improved the data quality (e.g., sample-based cross-validation coefficient of determination = 0.89, and root-mean-square error = 15.77 μg/m3). Using the substantially improved new product, we have found dynamic and diverse patterns in national surface O3 levels over the past two decades. Peak-season levels have been relatively stable from 2000 to 2015, followed by a sharp increase, reaching peak values in 2019 and subsequently declining. Additionally, we observed a large relative difference of 12 % in peak-season surface O3 concentrations between urban and rural regions in mainland China. This disparity has greatly increased since 2015, particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Pearl River Delta regions. Notably, since 2000, nearly all of the population across mainland China (> 99.7 %) has resided in areas exposed to surface O3 pollution exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended long-term air quality guideline (AQG) level (peak-season MDA8 O3 = 60 μg/m3). Moreover, the short-term population-risk exposure to daily surface O3 pollution has shown a significant increasing trend of 1.2 % (p < 0.001) of the days exceeding the WHO's recommended short-term AQG level (daily MDA8 O3 = 100 μg/m3) per year during the 22-year period. The overall upward trend (0.73 μg/m3/yr, p < 0.001) in peak-season surface O3 pollution has led to an exceptionally large rate of increase of 953 (95 % confidence interval: 486, 1288) premature deaths per year from 2000 to 2021 in mainland China. Urgent action is required to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at mitigating surface O3 pollution to enhance air quality in the future.

更新日期：2024-11-21

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