In recent years, environmental pollution and its effects have demanded attention from all over the world. In this context, water pollution has been regarded as one of the biggest threats to all living forms among all types of pollution in recent years, and things are forecasted to get worse if remediating steps are not adopted soon. Water recycling has gained importance in the twenty-first century as more areas of the world experience a water crisis. Given this, ground-water pollution by heavy metal-based toxic oxo-pollutants such as CrO42−, Cr2O72−, AsO43−, SeO32−, SeO42−, TcO4−, ReO4− etc. have been becoming rapidly growing global concerns and pose a major risk to both human health and the environment. These hazardous and persistent chemicals have been designated as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) due to their extreme toxicity following bioaccumulation. Therefore, it is crucial to get rid of them from contaminated water in an efficient manner. In this regard, now a days, Advanced Functional Porous Materials (AFPMs) such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous hybrid composite have drawn significant attention from researchers looking into wastewater treatment owing to their advantages of tunable porosity, high surface area, and an abundance of functional groups over traditional adsorbents. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in Advanced Functional Porous Materials, including MOFs and related porous materials, used as effective adsorbents to remove harmful oxoanions derived from heavy metals from contaminated water. Additionally, the review suggests practical solutions for ensuring the safety and cleanliness of drinking water. Furthermore, their adsorption mechanisms are discussed which may enable better designing of new MOFs/AFPMs-based adsorbents with superior performance for future study as well as for understanding the adsorption process between MOFs/AFPMs and heavy metal oxoanions contaminants. Lastly, in order to fully comprehend the developing prospects for the future, the potential and challenges of MOFs/AFPMs were thoroughly discussed.

中文翻译：

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金属有机框架 （MOF） 和相关的其他高级多孔材料，用于从水中封存基于重金属的有毒羰基污染物


近年来，环境污染及其影响引起了全世界的关注。在此背景下，水污染被认为是近年来所有类型污染中对所有生物形式的最大威胁之一，如果不尽快采取补救措施，预计情况会变得更糟。随着世界上越来越多的地区经历水危机，水循环利用在 21 世纪变得越来越重要。鉴于此，基于重金属的有毒氧污染物（如 CrO42−、Cr2O72−、AsO43−、SeO32−、SeO42−、TcO4−、ReO4− 等）对地下水的污染已成为全球日益关注的问题，对人类健康和环境构成重大威胁。这些有害和持久性化学品已被美国环境保护署 （EPA） 指定为优先污染物，因为它们在生物积累后具有极强的毒性。因此，以有效的方式将它们从受污染的水中清除至关重要。在这方面，金属有机框架 （MOF）、多孔有机聚合物 （POP）、共价有机框架 （COF） 和多孔杂化复合材料等先进功能多孔材料 （AFPM） 因其孔隙率可调、表面积高和官能团丰富等优势而引起了研究废水处理的研究人员的极大关注传统吸附剂。本文概述了先进功能多孔材料的最新进展，包括 MOF 和相关多孔材料，用作有效吸附剂，以去除受污染水中来自重金属的有害氧阴离子。此外，该审查还提出了确保饮用水安全和清洁的实用解决方案。 此外，还讨论了它们的吸附机制，这些机制可能有助于更好地设计具有卓越性能的新型基于 MOFs/AFPM 的吸附剂，用于未来的研究以及理解 MOFs/AFPM 与重金属氧阴离子污染物之间的吸附过程。最后，为了充分理解未来的发展前景，对 MOFs/AFPM 的潜力和挑战进行了深入讨论。