Oral cancers pose a significant challenge to global public health with devastating incidence and poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for early detection and intervention. Herein, inspired by the unique water-collecting structure (peristome) of the Nepenthes pitcher plant, an innovative saliva-amassing low-dosed risk-factor alerted detecting (SALAD) system was integrated into the wearable mouthguard for in situ, specific, and sensitive detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in saliva, serving as a potential early indicator for oral cancers. This system employed an efficient liquid amassing (LA) module to collect and immobilize intraoral biomarkers in dynamic and complex saliva environments. Moreover, the Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-related fluorescent signal was activated directly in the center of the mouthguard in conjunction with a household UV lamp, simplifying the detection process and amplifying the visibility of the diagnostic readings. Encouragingly, the SALAD mouthguard demonstrated exceptional capability in detecting target biomarkers in simulated intraoral environments. Promisingly, it received highly positive support from the volunteers who underwent preliminary testing with the SALAD mouthguard. Overall, validated by numerous simulated and realistic in vitro and in vivo tests, the SALAD mouthguard was demonstrated to act as a promising candidate for forewarning of oral cancer, highlighting potential for clinical translation and improving patient care experiences.

中文翻译：

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猪笼草启发的唾液积累低剂量风险因素警报检测 （SALAD） 护齿器用于口腔内癌的预警


口腔癌对全球公共卫生构成重大挑战，发病率高，预后不良，凸显了早期发现和干预的迫切需要。在此，受猪笼草猪笼草植物独特的集水结构 （peristome） 的启发，一种创新的唾液积累低剂量风险因素警报检测 （SALAD） 系统被集成到可穿戴护齿器中，用于原位、特异性和灵敏地检测唾液中的肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α），作为口腔癌的潜在早期指标。该系统采用高效的液体积累 （LA） 模块，在动态和复杂的唾液环境中收集和固定口腔内生物标志物。此外，与聚集诱导发射 （AIE） 相关的荧光信号与家用紫外线灯一起直接在护齿器中心激活，简化了检测过程并放大了诊断读数的可见性。令人鼓舞的是，SALAD 护齿器在模拟口腔环境中检测目标生物标志物方面表现出卓越的能力。令人鼓舞的是，它得到了志愿者的高度积极支持，他们接受了 SALAD 护齿器的初步测试。总体而言，经过大量模拟和真实的体外和体内测试验证，SALAD 护齿器被证明是口腔癌预警的有前途的候选者，突出了临床转化和改善患者护理体验的潜力。