Oil droplets are inevitably deposited on the surface of membranes, resulting in membrane contamination during oily sewage separation. To effectively prevent oil fouling, a TiO₂@MXene membrane with an ultra-glossy hydrophilic surface was designed via in-situ thermal induction to regulate the membrane surface structure and properties. Through high temperature-induced evolving the Ti valence and the functional groups of Ti₃C₂T_x, uniform TiO₂ nanoparticles were generated in-situ on the Ti₃C₂T_x surface while altering the surface structure and properties, which considerably improved the hydrophilicity, underwater oleophobic properties, and surface finish of the membrane. Specifically, the TiO₂@MXene membrane (MT600) exhibited a low water contact angle of 7.5° and a high underwater oil contact angle of 133.3°. Notably, the oil adhesion force of the membrane was as low as 0.0013 μN, outperforming most oil water separation membranes. Thus, the unique structure and surface properties endowed MT600 membrane with excellent oil retention (TOC removal efficiency of > 95 %) and antipollution ability (permeance decay rates of < 10 %) for oil-in-water emulsion separation. This is because the ultra-glossy hydrophilic and oleophobic surface prompted the formation of a continuous and stable hydration layer on the membrane surface and prevented oil droplets from falling into the membrane grooves. Benefiting from the robust, ultra-glossy surface, the MT600 membrane exhibited excellent long-term durability and reusability (emulsion permeance recovery of > 90 %) in high-salt, highly acidic, and highly alkaline environments. This study opens pathways to realize ultra-glossy membrane surface for the efficient demulsification of small size emulsions and long-lasting, stable oil water separation.

中文翻译：

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原位热诱导形成超光泽的亲水表面，以防止TiO2@MXene膜中的油垢


油滴不可避免地沉积在膜表面，导致含油污水分离过程中的膜污染。为了有效防止油污，通过原位热感应设计了具有超光泽亲水表面的 TiO₂@MXene 膜，以调节膜表面的结构和性能。通过高温诱导演化 Ti_价和 Ti 3 C₂T_x 的官能团，在 Ti₃C₂T_x 表面原位生成均匀的 TiO₂ 纳米颗粒，同时改变了表面结构和性能，大大改善了膜的亲水性、水下疏油性能和表面光洁度。具体来说，TiO₂@MXene 膜 （MT600） 表现出 7.5° 的低水接触角和 133.3° 的高水下油接触角。值得注意的是，该膜的油粘附力低至 0.0013 μN，优于大多数油水分离膜。因此，独特的结构和表面特性赋予了 MT600 膜优异的保油性（TOC 去除效率为 > 95%）和抗污染能力（渗透率衰减率为 < 10%），可用于水包油乳液分离。这是因为超高光泽的亲水和疏油表面促使在膜表面形成连续稳定的水合层，并防止油滴落入膜槽中。得益于坚固、超光泽的表面，MT600 膜在高盐、高酸性和高碱性环境中表现出优异的长期耐用性和可重复使用性（乳液渗透率回收率为 > 90%）。 本研究为实现超光泽膜表面开辟了途径，以实现小尺寸乳液的高效破乳和持久、稳定的油水分离。