The Moon, as the closest celestial body to the Earth, plays a pivotal role in the progression of deep space exploration, and the establishment of research outposts on its surface represents a crucial step in this mission. Lunar lava tubes are special underground caves formed by volcanic eruptions and are considered as ideal natural shelters and scientific laboratories for lunar base construction. This paper begins with an in-depth overview of the geological origins, exploration history, and distribution locations of lunar lava tubes. Subsequently, it delves into the presentation of four distinctive advantages and typical concepts for constructing bases within lava tubes, summarizing the ground-based attempts made thus far in lunar lava tube base construction. Field studies conducted on a lava tube in Hainan revealed rock compositions similar to those found during the Apollo missions and clear lava tube structures, making it a promising analog site. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities encountered in the field of geotechnical engineering regarding the establishment of lunar lava tube bases are discussed, encompassing cave exploration technologies, in-situ testing methods, geomechanical properties under lunar extreme environments, base design and structural stability assessment, excavation and reinforcement techniques, and simulated Earth-based lava tube base.

中文翻译：

---

月球熔岩管基地建设及潜在地球试验场实地研究综述


月球作为离地球最近的天体，在深空探索的进程中发挥着举足轻重的作用，在其表面建立研究前哨站是实现这一使命的关键一步。月球熔岩管是由火山喷发形成的特殊地下洞穴，被认为是建造月球基地的理想天然庇护所和科学实验室。本文首先深入概述了月球熔岩管的地质起源、勘探历史和分布位置。随后，它深入介绍了在熔岩管内建造基地的四个独特优势和典型概念，总结了迄今为止在月球熔岩管基地建设中所做的地面尝试。对海南的熔岩管进行的实地研究显示，其岩石成分与阿波罗任务期间发现的岩石成分相似，并且熔岩管结构清晰，使其成为一个很有前途的模拟地点。最后，讨论了岩土工程领域在建立月球熔岩管基地方面遇到的挑战和机遇，包括洞穴勘探技术、原位测试方法、月球极端环境下的地质力学特性、基地设计和结构稳定性评估、开挖加固技术以及模拟土基熔岩管基地。