Adults readily coordinate on temporary pacts about how to refer to things in conversation. Young children are also capable of forming pacts with peers given appropriate experimenter intervention. Here, we investigate whether parents may spontaneously provide a similar kind of scaffolding with U.S. children in a director–matcher task (N = 201, 49% female; ages 4, 6, 8). In Experiment 1, we show that parents initiate more clarification exchanges with younger children who, in turn, are more likely to adopt labels introduced by the parent. We then examine whether the benefit of such scaffolding acts primarily through childrens' difficulties with comprehension (Experiment 2) or production (Experiment 3). Our findings suggest that parents primarily scaffold pacts by easing children's production difficulties, modeling cooperative communication.

中文翻译：

---

父母自发地为与孩子形成对话协议搭建支架


成年人很容易就如何在对话中提及事物达成临时协议进行协调。在适当的实验者干预下，年幼的孩子也能够与同龄人达成协议。在这里，我们调查了父母是否可以在导演-匹配任务中自发地为美国儿童提供类似的脚手架（N = 201,49% 女性;4、6、8 岁）。在实验 1 中，我们表明父母与年幼的孩子发起了更多的澄清交流，而年幼的孩子反过来，他们更有可能采用父母引入的标签。然后，我们研究了这种脚手架的好处是否主要通过儿童的理解困难（实验 2）或生产困难（实验 3）起作用。我们的研究结果表明，父母主要通过缓解孩子的生产困难、示范合作沟通来支撑协议。