European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ( IF 8.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-16 , DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06975-5 Yansong Zhu, Siqi Li, Zhaoheng Xie, Edwin K. Leung, Reimund Bayerlein, Negar Omidvari, Yasser G. Abdelhafez, Simon R. Cherry, Jinyi Qi, Ramsey D. Badawi, Benjamin A. Spencer, Guobao Wang
Purpose
Dual-energy (DE) CT enables material decomposition by using two different x-ray energies and may be combined with PET for improved multimodality imaging. However, this increases radiation dose and may require a hardware upgrade due to the added second x-ray CT scan. The recently proposed PET-enabled DECT method allows dual-energy imaging using a conventional PET/CT scanner without the need to change scanner hardware or increase radiation exposure. Here we demonstrate the first-time physical phantom and patient data evaluation of this method.
Methods
The PET-enabled DECT method reconstructs a gamma-ray CT (gCT) image at 511 keV from the time-of-flight PET data with the maximum-likelihood attenuation and activity (MLAA) approach and then combines this image with the low-energy x-ray CT images to form a dual-energy image pair for material decomposition. To improve the image quality of gCT, a kernel MLAA method was developed using the x-ray CT as a priori information. Here we developed a general open-source implementation for gCT reconstruction and used this implementation for the first real data validation using both physical phantom study and human-subject study. Results from PET-enabled DECT were compared using x-ray DECT as the reference. Further, we applied the PET-enabled DECT method in another patient study to evaluate bone lesions.
Results
Compared to the standard MLAA, results from the kernel MLAA showed significantly improved image quality. PET-enabled DECT with the kernel MLAA was able to generate fractional images that were comparable to the x-ray DECT, with high correlation coefficients for both the phantom study and human subject study (R > 0.99). The application study also indicates that PET-enabled DECT has potential to characterize bone lesions.
Conclusion
Results from this study have demonstrated the feasibility of this PET-enabled method for CT imaging and material decomposition. PET-enabled DECT shows promise to provide comparable results to x-ray DECT.
中文翻译:
支持 PET 的双能 CT 成像的可行性:首次物理模型和初步患者研究结果
目的
双能 (DE) CT 通过使用两种不同的 X 射线能量实现材料分解,并且可以与 PET 结合使用以改进多模态成像。但是,这会增加辐射剂量,并且由于增加了第二次 X 射线 CT 扫描,因此可能需要硬件升级。最近提出的支持 PET 的 DECT 方法允许使用传统的 PET/CT 扫描仪进行双能成像,而无需更换扫描仪硬件或增加辐射暴露。在这里,我们演示了该方法的首次物理模型和患者数据评估。
方法
支持 PET 的 DECT 方法使用最大似然衰减和活性 (MLAA) 方法从飞行时间 PET 数据中重建 511 keV 的伽马射线 CT (gCT) 图像,然后将该图像与低能 X 射线 CT 图像相结合,形成用于材料分解的双能图像对。为了提高 gCT 的图像质量,开发了一种使用 X 射线 CT 作为先验信息的核心 MLAA 方法。在这里,我们开发了一个用于 gCT 重建的通用开源实现,并将此实现用于使用物理模型研究和人类受试者研究的首次真实数据验证。使用 X 射线 DECT 作为参考,比较了 PET 启用 DECT 的结果。此外,我们在另一项患者研究中应用了支持 PET 的 DECT 方法来评估骨骼病变。
结果
与标准 MLAA 相比,内核 MLAA 的结果显示图像质量显著提高。带有内核 MLAA 的 PET 启用 DECT 能够生成与 X 射线 DECT 相当的分数图像,在体模研究和人体研究中均具有高相关系数 (R > 0.99)。应用研究还表明,支持 PET 的 DECT 具有表征骨病变的潜力。
结论
这项研究的结果表明,这种 PET 方法可用于 CT 成像和材料分解。支持 PET 的 DECT 有望提供与 X 射线 DECT 相当的结果。