Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a viable treatment strategy for infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. A complex interplay of factors, including intracellular photosensitizer (PS) accumulation, photochemical reaction type, and oxygen levels, determines the efficacy of aPDT. Recent progress includes the development of modified PSs with enhanced lipophilicity and target-specific strategies to improve bacterial cell wall penetration and targeting. Nanotechnology-based approaches, such as using nanomaterials for targeted PS delivery, have shown promise in enhancing aPDT efficacy. Advancements in light delivery methods for aPDT, such as transillumination of large lesions and local light delivery using fiber optic techniques, are also being explored to optimize treatment efficacy in clinical settings. The limited number of animal models and clinical trials specifically designed to assess the efficacy of aPDT for lung infections highlights the need for further research in this critical area. The potential prospects of aPDT for lung tissue infections originating from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are also discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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系统概述光敏剂和光递送在肺部感染的抗菌光动力疗法中的策略


抗菌光动力疗法 （aPDT） 成为常规抗生素耐药感染的可行治疗策略。多种因素的复杂相互作用，包括细胞内光敏剂 （PS） 积累、光化学反应类型和氧水平，决定了 aPDT 的疗效。最近的进展包括开发具有增强亲脂性的修饰 PS 和靶标特异性策略，以改善细菌细胞壁渗透和靶向。基于纳米技术的方法，例如使用纳米材料进行靶向 PS 递送，已显示出增强 aPDT 疗效的前景。aPDT 光传输方法的进步，例如大病灶的透照和使用光纤技术的局部光传输，也正在探索，以优化临床环境中的治疗效果。专门用于评估 aPDT 对肺部感染疗效的动物模型和临床试验数量有限，这凸显了在这一关键领域进行进一步研究的必要性。本综述还讨论了 aPDT 治疗抗生素耐药细菌感染引起的肺组织感染的潜在前景。