Oesophageal cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Two major pathological subtypes exist: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiological studies in the last decade have shown a gradual increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma worldwide. The prognosis of oesophageal cancer has greatly improved due to breakthroughs in screening, surgical procedures, and novel treatment modalities. The success achieved with combined modality therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, to treat locally advanced oesophageal cancer is particularly notable. Immunotherapy has become a crucial treatment for oesophageal cancer, with immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies now established as the standard of care in adjuvant and metastatic first-line settings. This Seminar provides an overview of advances in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant therapies for locally advanced oesophageal cancer and immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies.

中文翻译：

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 食管癌


食管癌是全球癌症死亡的第七大原因。存在两种主要的病理亚型：食管鳞状细胞癌和食管腺癌。过去十年的流行病学研究表明，全球食管腺癌的发病率逐渐增加。由于筛查、外科手术和新型治疗方式的突破，食管癌的预后已大大改善。包括手术、化疗和放疗在内的联合疗法治疗局部晚期食管癌所取得的成功尤其值得注意。免疫疗法已成为食管癌的关键治疗方法，基于免疫检查点抑制剂的疗法现已成为辅助和转移性一线治疗的标准治疗。本次研讨会概述了食管鳞状细胞癌和食管腺癌的筛查、诊断和治疗进展，特别关注局部晚期食管癌的新辅助治疗和基于免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗。