The Middle East (ME) has undergone substantial changes in the energy landscape in recent years due to considerable variations in energy demand trends, economic/political upheaval, and climate change. The ME energy heavily relies on limited fossil fuel resources, which cause adverse climate change. Considering its geographical location, this region has huge potential for developing clean and sustainable energy resources, which will simultaneously satisfy its increasing energy demand and address climate change concerns. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of non-renewable and renewable energy resources and their current status and future prospects in the ME. Moreover, it discusses in detail the energy utilization, management, and challenges associated with their development in the ME. Further, it examines the adverse effects of energy development on environment and health. The cost of energy development and current market status in the ME are also precisely analyzed. In particular, this review paper systematically assesses the energy policies and frameworks in the ME with consideration of political relations and governmental regulations. The outcomes of this study confirm that energy transition to renewable resources in the ME requires investment, research, and precise frameworks and policies. Therefore, the ME still has to go a long way to reliably count on renewable energy as the main energy source.

中文翻译：

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中东能源开发和管理：整体分析


由于能源需求趋势、经济/政治动荡和气候变化的巨大变化，近年来，中东 （ME） 的能源格局发生了重大变化。ME 能源严重依赖有限的化石燃料资源，这会导致不利的气候变化。考虑到其地理位置，该地区在开发清洁和可持续能源资源方面具有巨大潜力，这将同时满足其不断增长的能源需求并解决气候变化问题。本综述论文全面概述了 ME 中的不可再生和可再生能源资源及其现状和未来前景。此外，它还详细讨论了能源利用、管理和与其在 ME 中的发展相关的挑战。此外，它还研究了能源开发对环境和健康的不利影响。还精确分析了 ME 的能源开发成本和当前市场状况。特别是，本综述论文在考虑政治关系和政府法规的情况下，系统地评估了 ME 中的能源政策和框架。这项研究的结果证实，中东地区向可再生资源的能源转型需要投资、研究以及精确的框架和政策。因此，ME 仍然需要走很长的路才能可靠地依靠可再生能源作为主要能源。