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Aircraft observation of aerosol and mixed-phase cloud microphysical over the North China Plain, China: Vertical distribution, size distribution, and effects of cloud seeding in two-layered clouds
Atmospheric Research ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107758 Zihan Wang, Honglei Wang, Xiaobo Dong, Yang Yang, Yue Ke, Sihan Liu, Yi Cui, Kun Cui, Zihao Wu, Wen Lin
Atmospheric Research ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107758 Zihan Wang, Honglei Wang, Xiaobo Dong, Yang Yang, Yue Ke, Sihan Liu, Yi Cui, Kun Cui, Zihao Wu, Wen Lin
Aerosol and clouds are essential to climate effects. Based on an aircraft observation in a mixed-phase cloud in Shijiazhuang, China, on November 21, 2020, analyzing the vertical and size distributions of cloud droplets, and ice crystal particles, and the effects of the similar to a “seeder-feeder” process after cloud seeding on cloud microphysics. The first seeding cloud (CS1) and second seeding cloud (CS2) were at 2600–2800 m and 1500–2300 m, respectively. Before seeding, the average number concentration of cloud droplets (Nc) was 236.91 cm−3 and 152.13 cm−3 in CS1 and CS2 from vertical observation. In CS1, the average number concentration of ice crystals (Ni) was 0.26 L−1 with dendritic ice crystals and graupel, while in CS2, the average Ni was 0.19 L−1 , including rimed plate ice crystals, graupel, and needle ice crystals. After seeding, the average Nc decreased from 322.90 to 260.69 cm−3 and the spectrum of Nc broadened from 2.5 to 24 to 45 μm in CS1. The ice microphysics also had different responses in the layered cloud. Ni increased by 421 times in regions with high Nc and low LWC (Nc > 322.90 cm−3 , LWC < 0.14 g∙m−3 ), including spoked and heavily rimed ice crystals and graupel (200–500 μm) in CS1. In CS2, the maximum Ni was 252.03 L−1 and the average Ni increased by 2 magnitudes (from 0.39 to 11.44 L−1 ). There were rimed needles and columnar ice crystals (200–300 μm) in regions with high Nc and high LWC (Nc > 92.78 cm−3 , LWC > 0.13 g∙m−3 ), and high Nc and low LWC (Nc > 92.78 cm−3 , LWC < 0.13 g∙m−3 ). Seeding in CS1 and CS2 formed a structure similar to the “seeder-feeder” process. Controlled by the downdraft (>1 m/s), these particles descended into the “feeder” region of CS2. Appropriate temperature and rimed crystals contributed to secondary ice crystal production (SIP), resulting in main columns (200–300 μm) observed in CS2. The “feeder” region generated more ice crystals than the “seeder” region.
更新日期：2024-11-02
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