The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a complex microbial ecosystem, the gut microbiota, which is pivotal in maintaining host health and mediating resistance to diseases. This review delineates colonization resistance (CR), a critical defensive mechanism employed by the gut microbiota to safeguard against pathogenic bacterial invasions, notably by Salmonella. We detail the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota impedes Salmonella colonization, including nutrient competition, production of antimicrobial peptides, synthesis of microbial-derived metabolites, and modulation of the host immune response. Additionally, we examine how dietary interventions can influence these mechanisms, thereby augmenting the protective role of the gut microbiota. The review also discusses the sophisticated strategies utilized by Salmonella to overcome these microbial defenses. A thorough understanding of these complex interactions between microbial symbionts and pathogens is crucial for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies that enhance CR, aiming to prevent or treat microbial infections effectively.

中文翻译：

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定植抗性：肠道微生物群在防止沙门氏菌侵袭和感染中的作用。


人类胃肠道被复杂的微生物生态系统——肠道微生物群定植，肠道微生物群在维持宿主健康和介导对疾病的抵抗力方面发挥着关键作用。本综述描述了定植抗性 （CR），这是肠道微生物群用于防止病原菌入侵（尤其是沙门氏菌）的关键防御机制。我们详细介绍了肠道微生物群阻碍沙门氏菌定植的机制，包括营养竞争、抗菌肽的产生、微生物衍生代谢物的合成以及宿主免疫反应的调节。此外，我们研究了饮食干预如何影响这些机制，从而增强肠道微生物群的保护作用。该评论还讨论了沙门氏菌用来克服这些微生物防御的复杂策略。彻底了解微生物共生体和病原体之间的这些复杂相互作用对于开发增强 CR 的创新治疗策略至关重要，旨在有效预防或治疗微生物感染。