5d tungsten-based materials are appealing for the electrochemical storage and conversion of renewable energy due to their earth abundance and unique electronic structure. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize recent progresses of tungsten-based materials in the field of energy storage and electrocatalysis. We first discuss the underlying principle of each synthetic approach for a variety of tungsten-based materials, such as tungsten carbides, tungsten oxides, tungsten sulfides/selenides, and single-tungsten-atom materials. Then, recent advances and representative works on their practical applications for energy storages and electrocatalytic conversions are systematically demonstrated and discussed. In particular, we highlight typical modification strategies, including heteroatom doping/vacancy engineering, interfacial engineering of heterojunctions and carbon-based composites, for performance improvements. Finally, we conclude with a perspective in this field and several recommendations toward promising tungsten-based materials for renewable energy innovations.

中文翻译：

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钨基纳米材料的改性策略及可再生能源应用研究进展


5D 钨基材料由于其地球丰富性和独特的电子结构而在可再生能源的电化学储存和转换方面很有吸引力。本文旨在全面总结钨基材料在储能和电催化领域的研究进展。我们首先讨论了各种钨基材料（如碳化钨、氧化钨、硫化钨/硒化物和单钨原子材料）的每种合成方法的基本原理。然后，系统地演示和讨论了它们在储能和电催化转化中的实际应用的最新进展和代表性工作。特别是，我们重点介绍了典型的改性策略，包括杂原子掺杂/空位工程、异质结和碳基复合材料的界面工程，以提高性能。最后，我们总结了该领域的观点和对用于可再生能源创新的有前途的钨基材料的一些建议。