Aims To examine the association between colour vision deficiency (CVD) and other ophthalmic disorders including amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia in a large population study. Methods The retrospective, cross-sectional study included 916 388 Israeli army male recruits who had their premilitary medical assessment at the age of 16–18 years from 2000 to 2020, analysing the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders including amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia in army recruits with CVD compared with all other recruits with normal colour vision. Demographic and socioeconomic data were also collected. Results The prevalence of amblyopia (1.28% vs 0.71%, p<0.001), strabismus (1.09% vs 0.83%, p<0.001) and ametropia (moderate—less than 6.00 diopters, 35.05% vs 30.50%, p<0.001 and high—higher than 6.00 diopters, 3.18% vs 2.30%, p<0.001) were all higher among 28 001 (3.06%) army recruits with CVD compared with all other individuals with normal colour vision. CVD was more common in individuals with a higher socioeconomic status (high 3.15% vs low 2.93%, p<0.001) and varied according to recruits’ origin. It was most frequent in individuals whose mother was born in the former Soviet Union (4.98%) compared with other European countries (3.89%), North America (3.28%), Asia (2.78%) and Ethiopia (1.63%). Conclusion CVD is associated with an increased frequency of amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia, which can all impart vision difficulties besides colour vision impairment alone. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

---

色觉缺陷与弱视、斜视和屈光不正的患病率增加有关：一项大型人群研究


目的 在一项大型人群研究中检查色觉缺陷 （CVD） 与其他眼科疾病（包括弱视、斜视和屈光不正）之间的关联。方法 回顾性横断面研究包括 916 388 名以色列男性新兵，他们在 2000 年至 2020 年的 16-18 岁时进行了军前医学评估，分析了患有 CVD 的陆军新兵与所有其他色觉正常的新兵相比，患有 CVD 的军人患有弱视、斜视和屈光不正等眼科疾病的患病率。还收集了人口和社会经济数据。结果 弱视（1.28% vs 0.71%，p<0.001）、斜视（1.09% vs 0.83%，p<0.001）和屈光不正（中度—小于 6.00 屈光度，35.05% vs 30.50%，p<0.001 和高—高于 6.00 屈光度，3.18% vs 2.30%，p<0.001）的患病率均高于所有其他色觉正常的个体。CVD 在社会经济地位较高的个体中更常见 （高 3.15% 对低 2.93%，p<0.001），并且根据新兵的来源而有所不同。与其他欧洲国家 （4.89%）、北美 （3.28%）、亚洲 （2.78%） 和埃塞俄比亚 （1.63%） 相比，母亲出生在前苏联 （4.98%） 的个体中最为常见。结论 CVD 与弱视、斜视和屈光不正的频率增加有关，除了单独的色觉障碍外，这些都会引起视力困难。数据可根据合理要求提供。