Many particles predicted by extensions of the Standard Model feature interactions with neutrinos, e.g., Majoron-like bosons ϕ. If the mass of ϕ is larger than about 10 keV, they can be produced abundantly in the core of the next galactic core-collapse supernova through neutrino coalescence, and leave it with energies of around 100 MeV. Their subsequent decay to high-energy neutrinos and anti-neutrinos provides a distinctive signature at Earth. Ongoing and planned neutrino and dark matter experiments allow us to reconstruct the energy, flavor, and time of arrival of these high-energy neutrinos. For the first time, we show that these measurements can help pinpointing the mass of ϕ and its couplings to neutrinos of different flavor. Our results can be generalized in a straightforward manner to other hypothetical feebly interacting particles, like novel gauge bosons or heavy neutral leptons, that decay into neutrinos.

中文翻译：

---

下一颗银河系超新星可以揭示粒子衰变为中微子的质量和耦合


通过标准模型的扩展预测的许多粒子都与中微子相互作用，例如，类似 Majoron 的玻色子φ。如果 φ 的质量大于约 10 keV，它们可以通过中微子聚结在下一颗星系核心坍缩超新星的核心中大量产生，并使其具有大约 100 MeV 的能量。它们随后衰变为高能中微子和反中微子，这在地球上提供了一个独特的特征。正在进行和计划的中微子和暗物质实验使我们能够重建这些高能中微子的能量、风味和到达时间。我们首次表明，这些测量可以帮助确定φ的质量及其与不同口味的中微子的耦合。我们的结果可以以直接的方式推广到其他假设的微弱相互作用粒子，例如衰变为中微子的新型规范玻色子或重中性轻子。