The use of measurable residual disease (MRD) as a biomarker for prognostication, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision-making in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is gaining prominence. MRD monitoring for NPM1-mutated and core-binding factor AML using PCR techniques is well-established for assessing disease after intensive chemotherapy. AML with persistent FLT3-ITD MRD post-intensive chemotherapy and pre-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (pre-allo-HCT) is associated with an increased risk of relapse and lower survival. Pre-allo-HCT MRD is an independent risk factor for post-allo-HCT outcomes, including relapse and death. Therefore, preemptive interventions on the natural history of MRD positivity are an active area of research beyond its initial prognostic function. Targeting MRD in AML with innovative treatment strategies can improve patient outcomes.

使用可测量残留病 （MRD） 作为急性髓系白血病 （AML） 预后、风险分层和治疗决策的生物标志物越来越受到重视。使用 PCR 技术对 NPM1 突变和核心结合因子 AML 的 MRD 监测对于评估强化化疗后的疾病已得到广泛认可。强化化疗后持续性 FLT3-ITD MRD 和同种异体造血细胞移植前 （pre-allo-HCT） 伴 AML 与复发风险增加和生存率降低相关。allo-HCT 前 MRD 是 allo-HCT 后结局（包括复发和死亡）的独立危险因素。因此，对 MRD 阳性自然史的先发制人干预是超出其初始预后功能的一个活跃的研究领域。通过创新的治疗策略靶向 AML 中的 MRD 可以改善患者的预后。