BACKGROUND Basic self-disturbance (BSD), also called anomalous self-experiences (ASEs), are core phenotypic markers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a prepsychotic vulnerability marker considered to be temporally stable (trait-phenomenon). Studies of BSD in children and adolescents are lacking. OBJECTIVE To be clinically useful, we need to know more about the characteristics and temporal development of BSD in prepsychotic phases. METHOD This study used a smartphone application measuring the occurrence and subjective intensity of ASEs in the daily life of 27 help-seeking adolescents (12-18 years) repeatedly over a period of 6 months. A total of 5223 unique application-reports based on individually selected and verbatim descriptions of personal core ASEs were analysed by mixed methods. FINDINGS The intensity of ASEs, within subjects and between subjects and irrespective of time intervals or baseline scores obtained by the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) were relatively stable with a mean variability of 1.25 (0.4) SD. Participants with low EASE total scores at baseline had a significantly lower score on ASE intensity than those with high baseline EASE total scores at baseline (mean 2.42 vs 3.42, p=0.046). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In this study, ASEs were not reported as essentially fluctuating experiences but as almost constantly present, demonstrating BSD as a mainly trait phenomenon in prepsychotic phases in persons under the age of 18. Considering the continuous experience of BSD and its predictive value for psychosis development, ASEs should be targeted and monitored to the same extent as other prepsychotic features.

中文翻译：

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有精神病风险的青少年的基本自我干扰：在一项混合方法研究中通过经验抽样法调查了时间稳定性。


背景 基本自我干扰 （BSD），也称为异常自我体验 （ASE），是精神分裂症谱系障碍的核心表型标志物，也是被认为在时间上稳定的精神病前脆弱性标志物（特质-现象）。缺乏对儿童和青少年 BSD 的研究。目的 为了在临床上有用，我们需要更多地了解 BSD 在精神病前期的特征和时间发展。方法 本研究使用智能手机应用程序测量 27 名寻求帮助的青少年 （12-18 岁） 在 6 个月内日常生活中 ASE 的发生率和主观强度。通过混合方法分析了总共 5223 份基于个人核心 ASE 的单独选择和逐字描述的独特应用程序报告。结果：受试者内和受试者之间的 ASE 强度，无论通过异常自我体验检查 （EASE） 获得的时间间隔或基线分数如何，均相对稳定，平均变异性为 1.25 （0.4） SD。基线时 EASE 总分低的参与者的 ASE 强度得分显著低于基线 EASE 总分高的参与者（平均值 2.42 对 3.42， p=0.046）。结论和临床意义 在这项研究中，ASE 并未被报告为本质上波动的经历，而是几乎一直存在，表明 BSD 是 18 岁以下人群精神病前期的主要特征现象。考虑到 BSD 的持续经历及其对精神病发展的预测价值，应与其他精神病前期特征一样靶向和监测 ASE。