Fisheries can profoundly impact co‐occurring species exposed to incidental capture. Spatiotemporal fisheries management holds substantial potential to balance socioeconomic benefits with ecological costs to threatened bycatch species. This study estimated the effect of the spatial and temporal distribution of effort by a western Pacific Ocean tuna purse seine fishery on catch rates of target and at‐risk species by fitting spatially explicit generalized additive multilevel regression models within a Bayesian inference framework to observer data. Mean field prediction surfaces defined catch rate hotspots for tunas, silky sharks, rays, and whale sharks, informing the design of candidate area‐based management strategies. Due to limited sample sizes, odontocete and marine turtle catch rate geospatial patterns were summarized using simple 2D hexagonal binning. Effort could be focused in two areas within core fishing grounds to reduce overlap with hotspots for silky sharks, rays, and whale sharks without affecting target catch. Effort could be shifted outside of core fishing areas to zones with higher target tuna catch rates to reduce overlap with hotspots for at‐risk species. Sparse and small marine turtle and whale shark hotspots occurred across the fishing grounds. Results did not identify opportunities for temporally dynamic spatial management to balance target and at‐risk catch rates. Research on the economic and operational viability of alternative spatial management strategies is a priority. A small subset of sets had disproportionately large odontocete captures. Real‐time fleet communication, move‐on rules, and avoiding sets on dolphin schools might reduce odontocete catch rates. Managing set association type and mesh size present additional opportunities to balance catch rates of at‐risk and target species. Employing output controls that effectively constrain the fishery would alter the spatial management strategy to focus fishing within zones with the lowest ratio of at‐risk bycatch to target tuna catch. Findings inform the design of alternative spatial management strategies to avoid catch rate hotspots of at‐risk species without compromising the catch of principal market species.

中文翻译：

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为西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业的时空管理提供信息的证据


渔业会对暴露于意外捕获的共存物种产生深远影响。时空渔业管理在平衡受威胁副渔获物种的社会经济效益和生态成本方面具有巨大潜力。本研究通过在贝叶斯推理框架内将空间显式加法多级回归模型拟合到观察者数据，估计了西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔业努力的空间和时间分布对目标和濒危物种捕捞率的影响。平均场预测表面定义了金枪鱼、丝鲨、鳐鱼和鲸鲨的捕捞率热点，为基于候选区域的管理策略的设计提供了信息。由于样本量有限，齿状鲸和海龟捕获率的地理空间模式使用简单的 2D 六边形分箱进行了总结。可以将工作重点集中在核心渔场内的两个区域，以减少与丝鲨、鳐鱼和鲸鲨热点的重叠，而不会影响目标捕获量。可以将工作重点从核心捕捞区转移到金枪鱼目标捕获率较高的区域，以减少与高危物种热点的重叠。渔场各处都有稀疏而小型的海龟和鲸鲨热点。结果没有确定时间动态空间管理平衡目标捕获率和风险捕获率的机会。研究替代空间管理策略的经济和运营可行性是一个优先事项。一小部分集合具有不成比例的大齿状鲸捕获。实时船队通信、移动规则和避免对海豚群进行设置可能会降低齿鲸的捕获率。 管理集合关联类型和网大小为平衡高危物种和目标物种的捕获率提供了更多机会。采用有效限制渔业的产量控制将改变空间管理策略，将捕捞重点集中在风险副渔获物与目标金枪鱼渔获量之比最低的区域。研究结果为替代空间管理策略的设计提供了信息，以避免高危物种的捕捞率热点，而不会影响主要市场物种的捕捞量。