Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergies are reported to affect around 3.5% of children and 2.4% of adults, with symptoms varying in range and severity. While being the gold standard for diagnosis, oral food challenges are burdensome, and diagnostic tools based on specific IgE can be flawed. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms behind food allergy onset, severity and persistence could help reveal immune profiles associated with the disease, to ultimately aid in diagnosis. Alterations to cytokine levels and immune cell ratios have been identified, though further research is needed to fully capture the heterogenous nature of food allergy. Moreover, the existence of such immune alterations also raises the question of potential wider systemic effects. For example, recent research has emphasised the existence and impact of neuro‐immune interactions and implicated behavioural and neurological changes associated with food allergy. This review will provide an overview of such food allergy‐driven neuro‐immune interactions, with the aim of emphasising the importance of furthering our understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying IgE‐mediated food allergy.

中文翻译：

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从叮咬到大脑：食物过敏中的神经-免疫相互作用


据报道，免疫球蛋白 E （IgE） 介导的食物过敏影响约 3.5% 的儿童和 2.4% 的成人，症状的范围和严重程度各不相同。虽然是诊断的金标准，但口服食物挑战是繁重的，基于特定 IgE 的诊断工具可能存在缺陷。进一步了解食物过敏发生、严重程度和持续性背后的机制可能有助于揭示与疾病相关的免疫特征，最终帮助诊断。已经确定了细胞因子水平和免疫细胞比率的改变，但需要进一步的研究才能完全捕捉食物过敏的异质性。此外，这种免疫改变的存在也提出了潜在更广泛的全身影响的问题。例如，最近的研究强调了神经免疫相互作用的存在和影响，以及与食物过敏相关的行为和神经变化。本综述将概述此类食物过敏驱动的神经免疫相互作用，旨在强调进一步理解 IgE 介导的食物过敏免疫机制的重要性。