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Prognostic Value of Systemic Inflammation, Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 , DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13618
Yahui Zhu, Ying Zhang, Mao Li, Jiongming Bai, Hongfen Wang, Xinyuan Pang, Rongrong Du, Jiao Wang, Xusheng Huang

BackgroundNutritional status, systemic inflammatory responses and muscle mass are associated with the prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the optimal biomarker for predicting prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal indicators of survival among the nutrition‐based, inflammation‐based and muscle mass–related markers for ALS patients.MethodsWe enrolled ALS patients from January 2014 to December 2019. Experienced neurologists followed up with the participants until January 2022. This study included a total of 17 nutritional, systemic inflammatory or muscle mass–related indicators. Maximally selected rank statistics determined the cut‐off points for these indicators. Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to assess survival. Uni‐ and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the effects of indicators on survival. Finally, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (time‐ROC) curves and the C‐index were calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of different indicators.ResultsA total of 506 patients with ALS were enrolled in this study, including 288 males (56.9%) and 218 females (43.1%), with a mean age of 54.2 ± 10.5 years. Among these ALS patients, 334 cases (68.0%) either died or underwent tracheotomy. In univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, 11 indicators were significantly associated with ALS survival (p < 0.05). And systemic immune inflammation (SII), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified geriatric nutritional risk index (mGNRI), creatinine and sarcopenia index (SI, (creatinine/cystatin C) × 100) were determined as independent predictors (p < 0.05) in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. A higher SI predicted longer survival (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–0.76; p < 0.001). The results of time‐ROC and C‐index analyses indicated that SI had the best predictive efficacy for ALS survival, with a C‐index of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.75) for 1‐year, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.57–0.65) for 3‐year and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.55–0.62) for 5‐year survival. Across different subgroups, SI had the highest C‐index in men and women, limb onset and aged < 60 year ALS patients, compared with other indicators. However, cystatin C was the best indicator for predicting the survival of ALS patients with bulbar onset, whereas the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was the best for those aged ≥60 years.ConclusionsThe serum SI demonstrates superior prognostic ability compared to other inflammation‐based, nutrition‐based and muscle mass–related indicators for patients with ALS. Given its simplicity and availability, it is well suited for clinical use in evaluating the prognosis of ALS patients.

中文翻译:


肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者全身炎症、营养状况和肌肉减少症的预后价值



背景营养状况、全身炎症反应和肌肉质量与肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) 患者的预后相关。然而,预测预后的最佳生物标志物仍不清楚。本研究旨在确定 ALS 患者基于营养、基于炎症和肌肉质量相关标志物的最佳生存指标。方法我们入组了 2014 年 1 月至 2019年12月的 ALS 患者。经验丰富的神经科医生对参与者进行了随访,直到 2022 年 1 月。这项研究共包括 17 项营养、全身炎症或肌肉质量相关指标。最大选择的排名统计量决定了这些指标的截止点。采用 Kaplan-Meier 估计评估生存率。使用单变量和多变量 Cox 比例风险模型来确定指标对生存率的影响。最后,计算时间依赖性受试者工作特征 (time-ROC) 曲线和 C 指数,以评估不同指标的预测效果。结果本研究共纳入 506 例 ALS 患者,其中男性 288 例 (56.9%) 和女性 218 例 (43.1%),平均年龄 54.2 ± 10.5 岁。在这些 ALS 患者中,334 例 (68.0%) 死亡或接受了气管切开术。在单变量 Cox 比例风险回归中,11 项指标与 ALS 生存率显著相关 (p < 0.05)。全身免疫炎症 (SII) 、血小板与淋巴细胞比值 (PLR) 、改良老年营养风险指数 (mGNRI) 、肌酐和肌肉减少指数 (SI,(肌酐/胱抑素 C) × 100) 确定为多变量 Cox 比例风险回归的独立预测因子 (p < 0.05)。较高的 SI 预示着更长的生存期(风险比,0.59;95% 置信区间 [CI],0.46-0.76;p < 0.001)。时间 ROC 和 C 指数分析结果表明,SI 对 ALS 生存率的预测效果最好,1 年生存率 C 指数为 0.65 (95% CI,0.54-0.75),3 年为 0.61 (95% CI,0.57-0.65),5 年生存率为 0.59 (95% CI,0.55-0.62)。在不同亚组中,与其他指标相比,SI 在男性和女性、肢体发病和年龄 < 60 岁 ALS 患者中的 C 指数最高。然而,胱抑素 C 是预测延髓发作的 ALS 患者生存率的最佳指标,而预后营养指数 (PNI) 对于 ≥60 岁的患者是最好的。结论 ALS 患者血清 SI 与其他基于炎症、基于营养和肌肉质量相关指标相比,预后能力更强。鉴于其简单性和可用性,它非常适合临床用于评估 ALS 患者的预后。
更新日期:2024-10-25
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