In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical trials investigating innovative neuromodulatory approaches for Parkinson disease (PD) motor symptom management. We highlight the following technologies: temporal interference, nanoparticles for drug delivery, blood-brain barrier opening, gene therapy, optogenetics, upconversion nanoparticles, magnetothermal nanoparticles, magnetoelectric nanoparticles, ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles, and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs. These studies establish the basis for novel and promising neuromodulatory treatments for PD motor symptoms.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病的时间干扰、纳米粒子、超声、基因治疗和设计受体综述

在这篇综述中，我们总结了研究帕金森病 （PD） 运动症状管理的创新神经调节方法的临床前和临床试验。我们重点介绍了以下技术：时间干扰、用于药物递送的纳米颗粒、血脑屏障开放、基因治疗、光遗传学、上转换纳米颗粒、磁热纳米颗粒、磁电纳米颗粒、超声响应纳米颗粒以及由设计药物独家激活的设计受体。这些研究为 PD 运动症状的新型和有前途的神经调节治疗奠定了基础。