Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule that regulates plant senescence. In this study, we found that H2S delays dark-induced senescence in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. Transcriptome and RT-qPCR analyses revealed an Ethylene Response Factor ERF.D3 is quickly induced by H2S. H2S also persulfidated ERF.D3 at amino acid residues C115 and C118. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and gene overexpression analyses showed that ERF.D3 negatively regulates leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were reduced by ERF.D3 overexpression, suggesting ERF.D3 might regulate ABA metabolism. Additionally, the abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase-encoding gene CYP707A2, which is required for ABA degradation, was identified as an ERF.D3 target gene through transcriptome data, RT-qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. ERF.D3 persulfidation enhanced its transcriptional activity towards CYP707A2. Moreover, the E3 ligase RNF217 ubiquitinated ERF.D3, which may accelerate fruit ripening during the late stage of fruit development. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the roles of a H2S-responsive ERF.D3 and its persulfidation state in delaying leaf senescence and fruit ripening and provides a link between H2S and ABA degradation.

中文翻译：

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H2S 反应性转录因子 ERF。D3 调节番茄脱落酸代谢、叶片衰老和果实成熟


硫化氢 （H2S） 是一种调节植物衰老的信号分子。在这项研究中，我们发现 H2S 延迟了番茄 （Solanum lycopersicum） 叶片中黑暗诱导的衰老。转录组和 RT-qPCR 分析揭示了乙烯反应因子 ERF。D3 很快被 H2S 诱导。H2S 也过硫化 ERF。D3 位于氨基酸残基 C115 和 C118 处。CRISPR/Cas9 介导的基因编辑和基因过表达分析显示，ERF.D3 负向调节叶片衰老和果实成熟。ERF 降低了脱落酸 （ABA） 水平。D3 过表达，提示 ERF。D3 可能调节 ABA 代谢。此外，ABA 降解所需的脱落酸 8'-羟化酶编码基因 CYP707A2 被鉴定为 ERF。D3 靶基因通过转录组数据、RT-qPCR、双荧光素酶报告基因检测和电泳迁移率变化测定。ERF 的。D3 过硫化增强了其对 CYP707A2 的转录活性。此外，E3 连接酶 RNF217 泛素化 ERF。D3，它可能在果实发育的后期加速果实成熟。总体而言，我们的研究为 H2S 反应性 ERF 的作用提供了有价值的见解。D3 及其过硫化态延缓叶片衰老和果实成熟，并提供 H2S 和 ABA 降解之间的联系。