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Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment
Cardiovascular Research ( IF 10.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-21 , DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae229 Giuseppe Faraco
Cardiovascular Research ( IF 10.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-21 , DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae229 Giuseppe Faraco
Excessive salt consumption is a major health problem worldwide leading to serious cardiovascular events including hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Additionally, high salt diet has been increasingly associated with cognitive impairment in animal models and late-life dementia in humans. High salt consumption is harmful for the cerebral vasculature, disrupts blood supply to the brain and could contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Although animal models have advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms, additional studies are needed to further elucidate the effects of salt on brain function. Furthermore, the association between excessive salt intake and cognitive impairment will have to be more thoroughly investigated in humans. Since the harmful effects of salt on the brain are independent by its effect on blood pressure, in this review, I will specifically discuss the evidence, available in experimental models and humans, on the effects of salt on vascular and cognitive function in the absence of changes in blood pressure. Given the strong effects of salt on the function of immune cells, I will also discuss the evidence linking salt consumption to gut immunity dysregulation with particular attention to the ability of salt to disrupt T-helper 17 (Th17) cells homeostasis. Lastly, I will briefly discuss the data implicating IL-17A, the major cytokine produced by Th17 cells, in vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment.
中文翻译:
膳食盐、血管功能障碍和认知障碍
过量摄入盐是世界范围内的主要健康问题,会导致严重的心血管事件,包括高血压、心脏病和中风。此外,高盐饮食与动物模型中的认知障碍和人类的晚年痴呆越来越相关。高盐摄入量对脑血管系统有害,会破坏大脑的血液供应,并可能导致阿尔茨海默病的病理。尽管动物模型加深了我们对细胞和分子机制的理解,但还需要更多的研究来进一步阐明盐对大脑功能的影响。此外,必须对人类过量盐摄入量与认知障碍之间的关联进行更彻底的研究。由于盐对大脑的有害影响与其对血压的影响无关,因此在这篇综述中,我将专门讨论实验模型和人类中可用的证据,即在没有血压变化的情况下盐对血管和认知功能的影响。鉴于盐对免疫细胞功能的强烈影响,我还将讨论将盐消耗与肠道免疫失调联系起来的证据,特别关注盐破坏 T 辅助细胞 17 (Th17) 细胞稳态的能力。最后,我将简要讨论 Th17 细胞产生的主要细胞因子 IL-17A 与血管功能障碍和认知障碍有关的数据。
更新日期:2024-10-21
中文翻译:
膳食盐、血管功能障碍和认知障碍
过量摄入盐是世界范围内的主要健康问题,会导致严重的心血管事件,包括高血压、心脏病和中风。此外,高盐饮食与动物模型中的认知障碍和人类的晚年痴呆越来越相关。高盐摄入量对脑血管系统有害,会破坏大脑的血液供应,并可能导致阿尔茨海默病的病理。尽管动物模型加深了我们对细胞和分子机制的理解,但还需要更多的研究来进一步阐明盐对大脑功能的影响。此外,必须对人类过量盐摄入量与认知障碍之间的关联进行更彻底的研究。由于盐对大脑的有害影响与其对血压的影响无关,因此在这篇综述中,我将专门讨论实验模型和人类中可用的证据,即在没有血压变化的情况下盐对血管和认知功能的影响。鉴于盐对免疫细胞功能的强烈影响,我还将讨论将盐消耗与肠道免疫失调联系起来的证据,特别关注盐破坏 T 辅助细胞 17 (Th17) 细胞稳态的能力。最后,我将简要讨论 Th17 细胞产生的主要细胞因子 IL-17A 与血管功能障碍和认知障碍有关的数据。