Time plays a crucial role in the regulation of physiological processes. Without a temporal control system, animals would be unprepared for cyclic environmental changes, negatively impacting their survival. Experimental studies have demonstrated the essential role of the circadian system in the temporal coordination of physiological processes. Translating these findings to humans has been challenging. Increasing evidence suggests that modern lifestyle factors such as diet, sedentarism, light exposure, and social jet lag can stress the human circadian system, contributing to misalignment; i.e., loss of phase coherence across tissues. An increasing body of evidence supports the negative impact of circadian disruption on several human health parameters. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how circadian disruption influences various physiological processes, its long-term health consequences, and its association with various diseases. To illustrate the relevant consequences of circadian disruption, we focused on describing the many physiological consequences faced by shift workers, a population known to experience high levels of circadian disruption. We also discuss the emerging field of circadian medicine, its founding principles, and its potential impact on human health.

中文翻译：

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生理学中的昼夜节律 de（调节）：对疾病和治疗的影响


时间在生理过程的调节中起着至关重要的作用。如果没有时间控制系统，动物将对周期性的环境变化毫无准备，从而对它们的生存产生负面影响。实验研究表明，昼夜节律系统在生理过程的时间协调中起着重要作用。将这些发现转化为人类一直具有挑战性。越来越多的证据表明，现代生活方式因素，如饮食、久坐、光照和社交时差，会给人类昼夜节律系统带来压力，导致错位;即，跨组织相位相干性丧失。越来越多的证据支持昼夜节律紊乱对几个人类健康参数的负面影响。本综述旨在全面概述昼夜节律紊乱如何影响各种生理过程、其长期健康后果及其与各种疾病的关联。为了说明昼夜节律紊乱的相关后果，我们重点描述了轮班工人面临的许多生理后果，众所周知，轮班工人会经历高水平的昼夜节律紊乱。我们还讨论了昼夜节律医学的新兴领域、其创始原则及其对人类健康的潜在影响。