BackgroundHospitalization exacerbates sarcopenia and physical dysfunction in older adults. Whether tailored inpatient exercise prevents acute sarcopenia is unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multicomponent exercise programme on muscle and physical function in hospitalized older adults. We hypothesized that participation in a brief tailored exercise regimen (i.e., 3–5 days) would attenuate muscle function and structure changes compared with usual hospital care alone.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment was conducted from May 2018 to April 2021 at Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Spain. Participants were 130 patients aged 75 years and older admitted to an acute care geriatric unit. Patients were randomized to a tailored 3‐ to 5‐day exercise programme (n = 64) or usual hospital care (control, n = 66) consisting of physical therapy if needed. The coprimary endpoints were between‐group differences in changes in short physical performance battery (SPPB) score and usual gait velocity from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary endpoints included changes in rectus femoris echo intensity, cross‐sectional area, thickness and subcutaneous and intramuscular fat by ultrasound.ResultsAmong 130 randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 87.7 [4.6] years; 57 [44%] women), the exercise group increased their mean SPPB score by 0.98 points (95% CI, 0.28–1.69 points) and gait velocity by 0.09 m/s (95% CI, 0.03–0.15 m/s) more than controls (both p < 0.01). No between‐group differences were observed in any ultrasound muscle outcomes. There were no study‐related adverse events.ConclusionsThree to 5 days of tailored multicomponent exercise provided functional benefits but did not alter muscle or fat architecture compared with usual hospital care alone among vulnerable older patients. Brief exercise may help prevent acute sarcopenia during hospitalization.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04600453

中文翻译：

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短期多组分运动对有急性肌肉减少症风险的住院老年人肌肉功能和结构的影响


背景住院加剧了老年人的肌肉减少症和身体功能障碍。量身定制的住院锻炼是否能预防急性肌肉减少症尚不清楚。本研究旨在检查多组分锻炼计划对住院老年人肌肉和身体功能的影响。我们假设，与单独的常规医院护理相比，参与简短的定制锻炼方案 （即 3-5 天） 会减轻肌肉功能和结构变化。方法这项采用盲法结果评估的随机临床试验于 2018 年 5 月至 2021 年 4 月在西班牙纳瓦拉大学医院进行。参与者是 130 名年龄在 75 岁及以上的患者，他们入住了急症护理老年病房。患者被随机分配到量身定制的 3 至 5 天锻炼计划 （n = 64） 或常规医院护理 （对照，n = 66），包括物理治疗（如果需要）。共同主要终点是从入院到出院的短期体能电池 （SPPB） 评分和正常步态速度变化的组间差异。次要终点包括超声显示股直肌回声强度、横截面积、厚度以及皮下和肌内脂肪的变化。结果在 130 名随机分组患者 （平均 [SD] 年龄，87.7 [4.6] 岁;57 名 [44%] 女性） 中，运动组的平均 SPPB 评分增加了 0.98 分 （95% CI，0.28-1.69 分），步态速度增加了 0.09 m/s （95% CI，0.03-0.15 m/s） 比对照组多 （均 p < 0.01）。在任何超声肌肉结局中均未观察到组间差异。没有与研究相关的不良事件。结论对于脆弱的老年患者，与单独的常规医院护理相比，3 至 5 天的定制多组分锻炼提供了功能益处，但并未改变肌肉或脂肪结构。短暂的运动可能有助于预防住院期间的急性肌肉减少症。试验注册临床试验。gov 标识符：NCT04600453