The resident microbiota are a key component of a healthy organism. The vast majority of microbiome studies have focused on bacterial members, which constitute a significant portion of resident microbial biomass. Recent studies have demonstrated how the fungal component of the microbiota, or the mycobiome, influences mammalian biology despite its low abundance compared to other microbes. Fungi are known for their pathogenic potential, yet fungi are also prominent colonizers in healthy states, highlighting their duality. We summarize the characteristics that define the gut mycobiome across life, the factors that can impact its composition, and studies that identify mechanisms of how fungi confer health benefits. The goal of this review is to synthesize our knowledge regarding the composition and function of a healthy mycobiome with a view to inspiring future therapeutic advances.

中文翻译：

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肠道真菌-宿主相互作用促进和维持健康


常驻微生物群是健康生物体的关键组成部分。绝大多数微生物组研究都集中在细菌成员上，这些成员构成了常驻微生物生物量的很大一部分。最近的研究表明，尽管与其他微生物相比，微生物群或菌群组的真菌成分丰度较低，但它如何影响哺乳动物生物学。真菌以其致病潜力而闻名，但真菌在健康状态下也是突出的定植者，突出了它们的双重性。我们总结了定义肠道菌群在生命中的特征、可能影响其组成的因素，以及确定真菌如何赋予健康益处的机制的研究。本综述的目的是综合我们关于健康菌群组成和功能的知识，以期激发未来的治疗进展。