Objective To examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal postnatal cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury, and infant growth and development. Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Eight online databases were searched up until 12 January 2024. Eligibility criteria Studies of all designs in all languages were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they contained information on the population (postpartum people), intervention (frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’), comparator (no or low volumes of physical activity), and outcomes: hypertension, diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), glucose and insulin concentration), breastfeeding (breast milk quality and volume), infant growth (length and weight) and development, or postpartum injury. Results 46 unique studies (n=8766 participants) from 20 countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed exercise+co-interventions reduced the odds of developing diabetes by 28% (7 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=2496; OR 0.72 95% CI 0.54, 0.98, I2 12%), reduced SBP (10 RCTs, n=2753; mean difference (MD) −2.15 95% CI −3.89 to –0.40, I2 73%) and DBP (9 RCTs, n=2575; MD −1.38 95% CI −2.60 to –0.15, I2 66%) compared with controls. Infant growth and development, breast milk quality and quantity, and risk of injury were not different between exercise and control groups. Conclusions Physical activity improves cardiometabolic health without adversely impacting breast milk supply or quality, infant growth or maternal injury. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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产后身体活动对心脏代谢健康、母乳喂养、损伤和婴儿生长发育的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析


目的 探讨产后体力活动与产妇产后心脏代谢健康、母乳喂养、损伤及婴儿生长发育的关系。设计 系统评价与随机效应荟萃分析和荟萃回归。数据来源截至 2024 年 1 月 12 日检索了 8 个在线数据库。纳入标准所有语言的所有设计的研究都符合条件（案例研究和综述除外），如果它们包含有关人群（产后人群）、干预（单独（“仅运动”）或与其他干预组成部分（例如，饮食;“运动+共同干预”）、对照（无体力活动或体力活动量少）和结局：高血压、糖尿病、心脏代谢危险因素（收缩压 （SBP）、舒张压 （DBP）、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白 （HbA1C）、葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度）、母乳喂养（母乳质量和数量）、婴儿生长（身长和体重）和发育或产后损伤。结果 共纳入来自 20 个国家的 46 项独特研究 （n=8766 名受试者）。中等质量证据表明，运动+联合干预使患糖尿病的几率降低了 28%（7 项随机对照试验 （RCT），n=2496;OR 0.72 95% CI 0.54， 0.98， I2 12%），降低 SBP（10 项 RCT，n=2753;平均差 （MD） -2.15 95% CI -3.89 至 -0.40，I2 73%）和 DBP（9 项 RCT，n=2575;MD -1.38,95% CI -2.60 至 -0.15，I2 66%）。运动组和对照组之间的婴儿生长发育、母乳质量和数量以及受伤风险没有差异。 结论 体育锻炼可改善心脏代谢健康，而不会对母乳供应或质量、婴儿生长或产妇受伤产生不利影响。数据可根据合理要求提供。